بروتاغوراس
بحسب القراءة الشائعة («ثياتيتوس» لأفلاطون): لا حقيقة وراء المنظورات البشرية – وكل شخص هو مقياس ما هو صادق بالنسبة إليه.
التموضع
سفسطائي من أبديرا كان، بحسب أفلاطون، أول من سمّى نفسه سفسطائيًا وعلّم بأجر: الإنسان مقياس كل شيء.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- مذهب الإنسان مقياس الأشياء
- النسبية
- الخطابة
النقد
انتقده 2
سقراط
انتقده
In Plato’s Protagoras, Socrates questions Protagoras’ claim to teach civic virtue and presses him on the unity of the virtues. Plato, Protagoras 319a–320c, 329c–334c, 349a–360e
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
سقراط › 470–399 ق.م
أفلاطون
انتقده
In the Theaetetus Plato argued that Protagoras’ ‘the human being is the measure of all things’ refutes itself, since it must concede that its opponents are right. Plato, Theaetetus 152a, 170e–171c; IEP “Protagoras”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أفلاطون › 428–348 ق.م
الموقف
Protagoras is best known for the statement “Man is the measure of all things, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that are not, that they are not.” Read as relativism, it means that things are for each person as they appear to that person, so there is no standard of truth beyond human judgement. He was equally agnostic about the gods, saying that the obscurity of the subject and the shortness of life prevent knowledge. He claimed to teach good judgement in private and public affairs and to make the weaker argument the stronger. Plato’s Theaetetus examines his relativism at length.
الحياة والسياق
Protagoras of Abdera was the most famous of the sophists, itinerant teachers who offered paid instruction in rhetoric and civic excellence. He spent long periods in Athens, was on friendly terms with Pericles and reportedly drafted laws for the colony of Thurii. Plato made him the title figure of a dialogue. Only a few sentences of his writings survive.
الأعمال الرئيسة
- Truth (lost, c. 440 BCE)
- On the Gods (lost, c. 440 BCE)
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