普罗泰戈拉
依通常的解读（柏拉图《泰阿泰德篇》）：在人的视角之外没有真理——每个人都是对他自己而言什么为真的尺度。
定位
来自阿布德拉的智者；据柏拉图所说，他是第一个自称智者并收费授课的人：人是万物的尺度。
核心思想
- 人是万物的尺度
- 相对主义
- 修辞术
批评
受批评于 2
苏格拉底
受其批评
In Plato’s Protagoras, Socrates questions Protagoras’ claim to teach civic virtue and presses him on the unity of the virtues. Plato, Protagoras 319a–320c, 329c–334c, 349a–360e
依据: AI 草稿
苏格拉底 › 公元前470—前399年
柏拉图
受其批评
In the Theaetetus Plato argued that Protagoras’ ‘the human being is the measure of all things’ refutes itself, since it must concede that its opponents are right. Plato, Theaetetus 152a, 170e–171c; IEP “Protagoras”
依据: AI 草稿
柏拉图 › 公元前428—前348年
立场
Protagoras is best known for the statement “Man is the measure of all things, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that are not, that they are not.” Read as relativism, it means that things are for each person as they appear to that person, so there is no standard of truth beyond human judgement. He was equally agnostic about the gods, saying that the obscurity of the subject and the shortness of life prevent knowledge. He claimed to teach good judgement in private and public affairs and to make the weaker argument the stronger. Plato’s Theaetetus examines his relativism at length.
生平与背景
Protagoras of Abdera was the most famous of the sophists, itinerant teachers who offered paid instruction in rhetoric and civic excellence. He spent long periods in Athens, was on friendly terms with Pericles and reportedly drafted laws for the colony of Thurii. Plato made him the title figure of a dialogue. Only a few sentences of his writings survive.
主要作品
- Truth (lost, c. 440 BCE)
- On the Gods (lost, c. 440 BCE)
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