Protagoras
Według zwykłego odczytania („Teajtet” Platona): nie ma prawdy poza ludzkimi perspektywami – każdy człowiek jest miarą tego, co jest dla niego prawdziwe.
Umiejscowienie
Sofista z Abdery, który według Platona jako pierwszy nazwał siebie sofistą i uczył za opłatą: człowiek jest miarą wszechrzeczy.
Kluczowe idee
- Zasada homo mensura
- Relatywizm
- Retoryka
Krytyka
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Sokrates
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In Plato’s Protagoras, Socrates questions Protagoras’ claim to teach civic virtue and presses him on the unity of the virtues. Plato, Protagoras 319a–320c, 329c–334c, 349a–360e
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Sokrates › 470–399 p.n.e.
Platon
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In the Theaetetus Plato argued that Protagoras’ ‘the human being is the measure of all things’ refutes itself, since it must concede that its opponents are right. Plato, Theaetetus 152a, 170e–171c; IEP “Protagoras”
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Platon › 428–348 p.n.e.
Stanowisko
Protagoras is best known for the statement “Man is the measure of all things, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that are not, that they are not.” Read as relativism, it means that things are for each person as they appear to that person, so there is no standard of truth beyond human judgement. He was equally agnostic about the gods, saying that the obscurity of the subject and the shortness of life prevent knowledge. He claimed to teach good judgement in private and public affairs and to make the weaker argument the stronger. Plato’s Theaetetus examines his relativism at length.
Życie i kontekst
Protagoras of Abdera was the most famous of the sophists, itinerant teachers who offered paid instruction in rhetoric and civic excellence. He spent long periods in Athens, was on friendly terms with Pericles and reportedly drafted laws for the colony of Thurii. Plato made him the title figure of a dialogue. Only a few sentences of his writings survive.
Główne dzieła
- Truth (lost, c. 440 BCE)
- On the Gods (lost, c. 440 BCE)
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