प्रोतागोरास
सामान्य पाठ (प्लेटो के थेएतेतस) के अनुसार: मानवीय दृष्टिकोणों से परे कोई सत्य नहीं – हर व्यक्ति स्वयं के लिए जो सत्य है उसका मापदंड है।
पृष्ठभूमि
अब्देरा का सोफ़िस्ट, जो प्लेटो के अनुसार स्वयं को सोफ़िस्ट कहने और शुल्क लेकर पढ़ाने वाला पहला व्यक्ति था: मनुष्य सब वस्तुओं का मापदंड है।
मुख्य विचार
- होमो मेन्सूरा सिद्धांत
- सापेक्षवाद
- वाक्पटुता
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 2
सुकरात
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In Plato’s Protagoras, Socrates questions Protagoras’ claim to teach civic virtue and presses him on the unity of the virtues. Plato, Protagoras 319a–320c, 329c–334c, 349a–360e
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
सुकरात › 470–399 ईसा पूर्व
प्लेटो
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In the Theaetetus Plato argued that Protagoras’ ‘the human being is the measure of all things’ refutes itself, since it must concede that its opponents are right. Plato, Theaetetus 152a, 170e–171c; IEP “Protagoras”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
प्लेटो › 428–348 ईसा पूर्व
मत
Protagoras is best known for the statement “Man is the measure of all things, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that are not, that they are not.” Read as relativism, it means that things are for each person as they appear to that person, so there is no standard of truth beyond human judgement. He was equally agnostic about the gods, saying that the obscurity of the subject and the shortness of life prevent knowledge. He claimed to teach good judgement in private and public affairs and to make the weaker argument the stronger. Plato’s Theaetetus examines his relativism at length.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Protagoras of Abdera was the most famous of the sophists, itinerant teachers who offered paid instruction in rhetoric and civic excellence. He spent long periods in Athens, was on friendly terms with Pericles and reportedly drafted laws for the colony of Thurii. Plato made him the title figure of a dialogue. Only a few sentences of his writings survive.
प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Truth (lost, c. 440 BCE)
- On the Gods (lost, c. 440 BCE)
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