رامون لول
يمكن البرهنة على الحقيقة، بما فيها حقيقة المسيحية، بتركيب المفاهيم الأساسية آليًا – وهي فكرة مبكرة عن المنطق بوصفه آلة.
التموضع
موسوعي من ميورقة: جمع في «فنّه» مفاهيم أساسية على أشكال دوّارة ليقنع المسلمين واليهود بالحقيقة المسيحية – وهو من أسلاف التوافقيات.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- الفن التوافقي (Ars combinatoria)
- الحوار بين الأديان
- المنطق آلية
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 2
أوغسطينوس
تأثّر بـ
Llull built his Art on the Augustinian triad of the soul’s powers – memory, understanding and will – which are to remember, know and love God. R. Llull, Ars generalis ultima (1305–08); A. Bonner, The Art and Logic of Ramon Llull (2007); SEP “Ramon Llull”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أوغسطينوس › 354–430
أبو حامد الغزالي
تأثّر بـ
Llull adapted the logic of al-Ghazali’s Intentions of the Philosophers in his Compendium logicae Algazelis and its Catalan verse version, the Lògica del Gatzell (c. 1271–72). R. Llull, Compendium logicae Algazelis; Lògica del Gatzell; A. Bonner, The Art and Logic of Ramon Llull (2007); SEP “Ramon Llull”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أبو حامد الغزالي › 1058–1111
أثّر في 3
نقولاس الكوزاني
أثّر في
Cusanus copied and excerpted Llull’s works, still kept in his library at Kues, and drew on Lullian correlatives for his trinitarian thought. E. Colomer, Nikolaus von Kues und Raimund Llull (1961); SEP “Nicholas of Cusa”; SEP “Ramon Llull”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
نقولاس الكوزاني › 1401–1464
جوردانو برونو
أثّر في ✓
Bruno wrote several works on Llull’s art, such as De compendiosa architectura et complemento artis Lullii (1582), and combined its combinatorics with the art of memory. G. Bruno, De compendiosa architectura et complemento artis Lullii (1582); F. A. Yates, The Art of Memory (1966); SEP “Giordano Bruno”
جوردانو برونو › 1548–1600
غوتفريد لايبنتس
أثّر في ✓
In the Dissertation on the Combinatorial Art (1666) Leibniz took up and generalised Llull’s art of combining basic concepts, aiming at an alphabet of human thoughts. G. W. Leibniz, Dissertatio de arte combinatoria (1666); SEP “Ramon Llull”
غوتفريد لايبنتس › 1646–1716
الأعمال
الصيغة النهائية لفنّ لول: تركيب المفاهيم الأساسية للإجابة عن أي سؤال.
الموقف
Llull wanted to win people of other faiths not by force but by reasons they could accept; in late works such as the Liber de fine (1305), however, he combined his plans for peaceful mission with proposals for a military crusade. His “Art” started from concepts shared by Jews, Christians and Muslims – divine attributes such as goodness, greatness, eternity, power and wisdom – marked them with letters and combined them systematically on rotating concentric discs and tables, so that every question could be answered. In The Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men, a Jew, a Christian and a Muslim courteously present their faiths to a seeker, and the book leaves his choice open. Llull also helped found Catalan literary prose. His combinatorics influenced Nicholas of Cusa, Giordano Bruno and Leibniz.
الحياة والسياق
Ramon Llull was born around 1232 in Palma on Majorca, shortly after its Christian conquest. A married courtier, he had visions of the crucified Christ around 1263 and devoted his life to converting Muslims and Jews. He learned Arabic, founded a missionary school at Miramar and travelled to Paris, Rome and North Africa. He wrote over 250 works in Catalan, Latin and Arabic and died in 1316.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- The Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men (c. 1274–1276)
- Blanquerna (c. 1283)
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