أتيشا
ينبغي صعود الطريق البوذي على مراحل مرتّبة، من طلب ولادة أفضل إلى تحرير جميع الكائنات بالرحمة والبصيرة.
التموضع
معلّم بنغالي من فيكراماشيلا درّس في التبت منذ 1042: ينظّم كتابه «مصباح الطريق إلى التنوير» الممارسة البوذية في مراحل متدرجة.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- المسار المتدرج (لامريم)
- ثلاثة مستويات من الممارسين
- البوديتشيتا والخواء
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 3
ناجارجونا
تأثّر بـ
Atisha placed Nagarjuna’s Madhyamaka view of emptiness at the summit of the path and taught it in Tibet, in the reading of Chandrakirti. Atisha, Bodhipathapradipa, tr. R. Sherburne, A Lamp for the Path and Commentary (1983); Satyadvayavatara, tr. C. Lindtner (1981)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
ناجارجونا › نحو 150–250
كاندراكيرتي
تأثّر بـ
Atisha helped bring Chandrakirti’s reading of Nagarjuna to Tibet; his Introduction to the Two Truths draws on Chandrakirti for the view of emptiness. Atisha, Satyadvayavatara, tr. C. Lindtner, “Atisa’s Introduction to the Two Truths, and Its Sources”, Journal of Indian Philosophy 9 (1981)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
كاندراكيرتي › نحو 600–650
شانتيديفا
تأثّر بـ
Atisha’s Lamp for the Path (c. 1042) draws on Shantideva’s Compendium of Training for the bodhisattva vows and the cultivation of the awakening mind. Atisha, Bodhipathapradipa, tr. R. Sherburne, A Lamp for the Path and Commentary (1983)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
شانتيديفا › نحو 685–763
أثّر في 1
جي تسونغكهابا
أثّر في
Tsongkhapa’s Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path (1402) expands Atisha’s Lamp for the Path to Awakening, following its scheme of three kinds of persons. Tsongkhapa, Lam rim chen mo (1402), tr. Lamrim Chenmo Translation Committee, The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path (2000–04); Atisha, Bodhipathapradipa
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
جي تسونغكهابا › 1357–1419
الأعمال
ثمانية وستون بيتًا ترتّب الممارسة البوذية بحسب قدرات الممارسين – نموذج لكل نصوص «مراحل الطريق» التبتية.
الموقف
Atisha came to Tibet at a time when monastic discipline, philosophical study and tantric practice were felt to be in conflict. His Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment ordered them into one graded path for three kinds of practitioner: those seeking a better rebirth, those seeking their own liberation, and those who, moved by compassion, strive for awakening for all. At the top stand bodhicitta and the view of emptiness of Nagarjuna’s Madhyamaka as read by Candrakirti; tantric practice presupposes ethics and insight. His disciple Dromtonpa founded the Kadam school, whose mind-training (lojong) teachings trace back to Atisha. Tsongkhapa’s Gelug order saw itself as the new Kadam.
الحياة والسياق
Atisha Dipamkara Shrijnana was born in 982 into a noble family in Bengal. He studied with many teachers; according to Tibetan biographies he spent twelve years in Suvarnadvipa, probably Sumatra, with the master known as Serlingpa. He became a leading teacher at the monastery of Vikramashila. Invited by the rulers of Guge, he went to western Tibet in 1042, later taught in central Tibet and died near Lhasa in 1054.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- Commentary on the Difficult Points of the Lamp (Bodhimargapradipapanjika, after 1042)
- Introduction to the Two Truths (Satyadvayavatara, 11th century)
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