命名与必然性

简介

Three lectures that Kripke gave without a written text at Princeton in January 1970; transcribed, they appeared in 1972 in the anthology Semantics of Natural Language and in 1980 as a book with a new preface. Kripke argues against the description theory of Frege and Russell: a name is not an abbreviated description but refers directly, its reference fixed by an initial “baptism” and passed on through a causal chain of use. He separates necessity, a metaphysical notion, from a priori knowledge, an epistemological one: “Hesperus is Phosphorus” is necessary but was discovered empirically. The same reasoning applies to natural kinds such as water or gold. The lectures helped restore metaphysics to a central place in analytic philosophy.

联系

批评了

• 论涵义与指称1892 · 戈特洛布·弗雷格
• 论指称1905 · 伯特兰·罗素

被承接于

• 有意识的心灵1996 · 大卫·查尔默斯

被批评于

• 论世界的多元性1986 · 戴维·刘易斯

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