乌达罗迦·阿卢尼
万物都是同一个根本的“有”的转化，而你自己的自我就是那个“有”——就像溶解在水中的盐遍布水的每一处。
定位
《歌者奥义书》中的吠陀导师：万物都是唯一存在（sat）的转化，而每个人的自我就是那存在——“你就是那”。
核心思想
- sat（存在）作为万物之源
- “你就是那”（tat tvam asi）
- 通过观察与类比来教学
学生: 耶若伏吉耶
影响
影响了 2
耶若伏吉耶 教过
教过 后世传述 ✓
Known only from the Upanishadic tradition: a lineage of teachers in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (6.3.7) makes Yajnavalkya Uddalaka’s pupil, while in 3.7 the two meet as rivals in debate; outside these texts nothing is known of either. Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 6.3.7, 3.7, tr. P. Olivelle, Upaniṣads, 1996
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
耶若伏吉耶 › 相传 约公元前800—前720年年
亚瑟·叔本华
影响了
Schopenhauer made Uddalaka’s ‘tat tvam asi’ (that art thou) from the Chandogya Upanishad, read in the Oupnek’hat, the formula of his ethics of compassion (1819, 1840). A. Schopenhauer, Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung (1819); Über die Grundlage der Moral (1840); U. App, Schopenhauer’s Compass (2014)
依据: AI 草稿
亚瑟·叔本华 › 1788–1860
作品
- 约公元前650年年歌者奥义书
在第六章中，乌达拉卡教导儿子施韦塔克图：万物都是同一存在的形态——就像溶于水中的盐：“你就是那”。
立场
In the sixth chapter of the Chandogya Upanishad Uddalaka instructs his son: in the beginning there was Being (sat) alone, one without a second – not non-being, for how could being arise from non-being? Being brought forth heat, water and food, and from their mixture came all things, just as all clay pots are only clay. He teaches through observation: salt dissolved in water cannot be seen yet is tasted everywhere; the tiny seed of a banyan holds the whole tree. Each lesson ends with “tat tvam asi” – “you are that”, whose exact sense scholars debate. Shankara later made it a “great saying” of Advaita.
生平与背景
Uddalaka Aruni is known only from late Vedic texts – the Shatapatha Brahmana and the Brihadaranyaka and Chandogya Upanishads – which portray him as a renowned Brahmin teacher, father of Shvetaketu and, in one lineage, teacher of Yajnavalkya. He probably lived in northern India in the 8th or 7th century BCE, but his dates are uncertain, and whether the teachings put in his mouth record a historical person is unknown.
其他主要作品
- Chandogya Upanishad, chapter 6 (teachings attributed to him; text c. 6th century BCE)
- Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (appears as debater and teacher; c. 7th–6th century BCE)
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