罗摩奴阇

Agora

罗摩奴阇

约1077–1157年 · 相传 1017–1137

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

世界和个体灵魂是真实的，但它们属于上帝，就像身体属于它的灵魂一样——而虔诚的爱引向他。

定位

南亚与藏传哲学 · 南亚 · 形而上学, 宗教

限定不二论：世界与灵魂是真实的，它们是“神的身体”。

核心思想

限定不二论
虔信（bhakti）

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影响

受影响于 1

耶若伏吉耶

受其影响
Ramanuja based his view of the world and selves as the body of God on Yajnavalkya’s teaching of the inner controller (antaryamin) in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. Ramanuja, Vedarthasangraha; Sribhashya; J. B. Carman, The Theology of Ramanuja (1974); J. J. Lipner, The Face of Truth (1986)
依据: AI 草稿
耶若伏吉耶 › 相传约公元前800—前720年年

批评

批评了 1

商羯罗

批评了
Ramanuja raised seven objections against Shankara’s doctrine of ignorance (avidya), holding that Brahman has real qualities and the world is its body (Shribhashya I.1.1). Rāmānuja, Śrībhāṣya I.1.1; J. B. Carman, The Theology of Rāmānuja, 1974
依据: AI 草稿
商羯罗 › 约700–750年 · 通行断代 788–820

作品

约1100年室利注（Shri Bhashya）
对商羯罗的反注释：世界不是幻相。

立场

Ramanuja developed Vishishtadvaita, “qualified non-dualism”, in direct opposition to Shankara. Brahman is one, but not featureless: it is a personal God, Vishnu, endowed with infinite good qualities. Souls and the material world are real, not illusory; they relate to God as the body relates to the soul – distinct, yet wholly dependent on him and pervaded by him. Liberation does not mean dissolving into an impersonal absolute but eternal loving communion with God, attained through devotion (bhakti) and surrender to divine grace. His theology shaped Hindu devotional movements and gave personal faith a philosophical home.

生平与背景

Ramanuja was born at Sriperumbudur near present-day Chennai and worked for long periods in the temple town of Srirangam in Tamil Nadu. As head of the Sri Vaishnava community he united philosophical Vedanta with the devotional tradition of the Tamil Alvar saints. Tradition dates his life 1017–1137, an exceptionally long 120 years; many scholars now place him about sixty years later, c. 1077–1157.