Ramanudźa
Świat i indywidualne dusze są realne, ale należą do Boga tak, jak ciało należy do swojej duszy – a miłosne oddanie prowadzi do niego.
Umiejscowienie
Vishishtadvaita: niedualizm kwalifikowany – świat i dusze są realne jako „ciało Boga”.
Kluczowe idee
- Niedualizm kwalifikowany
- Bhakti
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 1
Yajnavalkya
pod wpływem
Ramanuja based his view of the world and selves as the body of God on Yajnavalkya’s teaching of the inner controller (antaryamin) in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. Ramanuja, Vedarthasangraha; Sribhashya; J. B. Carman, The Theology of Ramanuja (1974); J. J. Lipner, The Face of Truth (1986)
Źródło: szkic AI
Yajnavalkya › według tradycji ok. 800–720 p.n.e.
Krytyka
Krytykuje 1
Adi Śankara
krytykuje
Ramanuja raised seven objections against Shankara’s doctrine of ignorance (avidya), holding that Brahman has real qualities and the world is its body (Shribhashya I.1.1). Rāmānuja, Śrībhāṣya I.1.1; J. B. Carman, The Theology of Rāmānuja, 1974
Źródło: szkic AI
Adi Śankara › ok. 700–750 · datowane umownie 788–820
Dzieła
- ok. 1100Shri Bhashya
Kontrkomentarz do Shankary: świat nie jest iluzją.
Stanowisko
Ramanuja developed Vishishtadvaita, “qualified non-dualism”, in direct opposition to Shankara. Brahman is one, but not featureless: it is a personal God, Vishnu, endowed with infinite good qualities. Souls and the material world are real, not illusory; they relate to God as the body relates to the soul – distinct, yet wholly dependent on him and pervaded by him. Liberation does not mean dissolving into an impersonal absolute but eternal loving communion with God, attained through devotion (bhakti) and surrender to divine grace. His theology shaped Hindu devotional movements and gave personal faith a philosophical home.
Życie i kontekst
Ramanuja was born at Sriperumbudur near present-day Chennai and worked for long periods in the temple town of Srirangam in Tamil Nadu. As head of the Sri Vaishnava community he united philosophical Vedanta with the devotional tradition of the Tamil Alvar saints. Tradition dates his life 1017–1137, an exceptionally long 120 years; many scholars now place him about sixty years later, c. 1077–1157.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Vedarthasamgraha (c. 1100)
- Commentary on the Bhagavad Gita (c. 1100)
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