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帕坦伽利

约325–400年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

瑜伽意味着平息心灵不安的活动，直到意识认出自己是有别于身体和思想的东西。

定位

南亚与藏传哲学 · 南亚 · 心灵与意识, 伦理学, 宗教

《瑜伽经》的编纂者（年代有争议，可能在公元400年前后）：在数论的基础上，瑜伽是平息心的波动，使意识认识到自己有别于自然。

核心思想

  • 瑜伽即心的止息（citta-vritti-nirodha）
  • 八支
  • 分辨神我与原质

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 迦毗罗

    受其影响

    Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra takes over the Samkhya ascribed to Kapila, the dualism of conscious self (purusha) and nature (prakriti) with its three gunas, adding a special self, Ishvara. Patanjali, Yoga Sutra; G. J. Larson, Classical Samkhya (1969); E. F. Bryant, The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (2009)

    依据: AI 草稿

    迦毗罗 › 传说人物

影响了 3

  • 比鲁尼

    影响了

    Al-Biruni translated Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra with a commentary into Arabic (Kitāb Bātanjal) and quoted it in his India (1030) as an authority for Hindu doctrines of the soul and liberation. S. Pines and T. Gelblum, “Al-Bīrūnī’s Arabic Version of Patañjali’s Yogasūtra”, BSOAS 29 (1966) – 52 (1989); al-Bīrūnī, Taḥqīq mā li-l-Hind (1030)

    依据: AI 草稿

    比鲁尼 › 973–1048

  • 斯瓦米·维韦卡南达

    影响了

    Vivekananda’s Raja Yoga (1896) translated and commented on Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra, presenting it as an experimental science of the mind. Swami Vivekananda, Raja Yoga (1896); E. De Michelis, A History of Modern Yoga (2004)

    依据: AI 草稿

    斯瓦米·维韦卡南达 › 1863–1902

  • 卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格

    影响了

    In his ETH lectures of 1938–40 Jung commented on Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra as a model of meditation and compared it with his own method of active imagination. C. G. Jung, Psychology of Yoga and Meditation: Lectures Delivered at ETH Zurich, vol. 6, 1938–1940 (ed. M. Liebscher, 2021)

    依据: AI 草稿

    卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格 › 1875–1961

作品

  • 约400年瑜伽经

    195条经文：瑜伽是对心的波动的止息，八支，以及纯粹意识的独存（kaivalya）。

立场

The Yoga Sutra defines yoga as the stilling of the fluctuations of the mind (citta-vritti-nirodha). It builds on Samkhya: suffering stems from confusing the seer, pure consciousness (purusha), with the seen – mind and nature. Practice and detachment loosen this confusion; the eight limbs lead from ethical restraints and observances, posture and breath control, through withdrawal of the senses, concentration and meditation, to absorption (samadhi). The goal is the isolation (kaivalya) of consciousness. Unlike classical Samkhya, the text admits a special self, Ishvara, untouched by affliction, as an object of devotion; its vocabulary shows close contact with Buddhist thought. Vivekananda’s Raja Yoga made it the canonical text of modern yoga.

生平与背景

Patanjali is known only as the compiler of the Yoga Sutra. Tradition identifies him with the grammarian Patanjali of the 2nd century BCE and even with an incarnation of the serpent Shesha; most modern scholars reject the identification with the grammarian. The date of the text is disputed: estimates range from the last centuries BCE to the 5th century CE, and many scholars now favour about 325–425 CE.

其他主要作品

  • Yoga Sutra (c. 325–425 CE, date disputed)
  • Yoga Bhashya (commentary traditionally ascribed to Vyasa; some scholars think Patanjali composed it together with the sutras)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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