奥诺拉·奥尼尔

作品

• 1996迈向正义与美德

  对实践理性的建构主义说明：所有人都能采纳的原则，以义务而不是权利作为出发点。

• 2002信任问题

  英国广播公司里斯讲座：透明度和审计文化不能恢复信任；明智的问责也许可以。

立场

O’Neill reads Kant as a constructivist: moral principles are those that could be adopted by all, not ones derived from a prior conception of the good or from idealised rational agents. She argues that obligations are more fundamental than rights, because rights without identifiable duty-bearers are empty – a point she presses against the rhetoric of human rights. Her later work criticised both Rawls’s restriction of justice to a single society and the idealising assumptions of liberal theory, which abstract from real agents’ vulnerability. On trust she argues that transparency and audit have not restored trust in institutions and may damage it; what is needed is intelligent accountability and the possibility of judging whom to trust.

生平与背景

Onora O’Neill (born 1941 in Northern Ireland) studied at Oxford and took her doctorate at Harvard under John Rawls in 1969. She taught at Barnard College and the University of Essex, was principal of Newnham College, Cambridge, from 1992 to 2006, and has chaired the Nuffield Foundation and the Equality and Human Rights Commission. She was made a life peer in 1999 and delivered the BBC Reith Lectures in 2002.

其他主要作品

• Faces of Hunger (1986)
• Constructions of Reason (1989)
• Towards Justice and Virtue (1996)
• A Question of Trust (2002)