朱利叶斯·尼雷尔

Agora

朱利叶斯·尼雷尔

1922–1999

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

非洲社会主义应当从传统的大家庭中生长出来，在那里人们分享并依靠自己，而不是从阶级斗争中生长出来。

定位

非洲与非洲裔哲学 · 撒哈拉以南非洲 · 政治与法, 社会与历史, 伦理学

教师（“姆瓦利穆”，Mwalimu）和坦桑尼亚第一任总统：乌贾马（Ujamaa，“大家庭精神”）是一种植根于共同体生活而非阶级斗争的非洲社会主义。

核心思想

乌贾马（大家庭精神）
自力更生
解放的教育

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影响

影响了 2

沃尔特·罗德尼

影响了
Rodney read Nyerere’s Ujamaa sympathetically as a path towards socialism while arguing that it needed the class analysis of scientific socialism. W. Rodney, “Tanzanian Ujamaa and Scientific Socialism”, African Review 1/4 (1972), pp. 61–76
依据: AI 草稿
沃尔特·罗德尼 › 1942–1980
亨利·奥德拉·奥鲁卡

影响了存在争议
Odera Oruka counted Nyerere’s ujamaa in the ‘nationalist-ideological’ trend of African philosophy (‘Four Trends in Current African Philosophy’, 1981); whether Nyerere shaped his sage philosophy is uncertain. H. Odera Oruka, “Four Trends in Current African Philosophy”, in A. Diemer (ed.), Philosophy in the Present Situation of Africa (1981); Sage Philosophy (1990); J. K. Nyerere, Ujamaa: Essays on Socialism (1968)
依据: AI 草稿
亨利·奥德拉·奥鲁卡 › 1944–1995

批评

批评了 1

卡尔·马克思

批评了
In “Ujamaa – The Basis of African Socialism” (1962) Nyerere rejected, without naming Marx, a “doctrinaire socialism” built on “a philosophy of inevitable conflict between man and man”: African socialism grows from the traditional extended family, not from class war. J. K. Nyerere, “Ujamaa – The Basis of African Socialism” (1962), in Freedom and Unity (1967)
依据: AI 草稿
卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883

作品

1962乌贾马——非洲社会主义的基础
社会主义是一种根植于传统非洲家庭的心态，在那里人人劳动，无人剥削他人。

立场

In his essay on Ujamaa, “familyhood”, Nyerere argued that socialism is an attitude of mind, rooted in the traditional African family, where everyone works, goods are shared and no one lives off another’s labour. African socialism thus needed neither capitalism nor class struggle. The Arusha Declaration of 1967 made this policy, with nationalisation, a code of conduct for leaders and the aim of self-reliance; education was to serve rural life. The honest record also includes failure: in the 1970s millions of rural people were moved, often by force, into planned villages, and agriculture suffered. Tanzania was a one-party state, yet Nyerere is widely credited with forging national unity.

生平与背景

Julius Nyerere was born in 1922 in Butiama, Tanganyika, son of a chief of the Zanaki. He trained as a teacher at Makerere College in Uganda and studied in Edinburgh. In 1954 he founded the Tanganyika African National Union, led the country to independence in 1961 and was president of Tanzania from 1964 until he stepped down in 1985. Known as “Mwalimu”, the teacher, he died in London in 1999.