亨利·奥德拉·奥鲁卡

Agora

亨利·奥德拉·奥鲁卡

1944–1995

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

传统的非洲共同体有自己的批判性思想家，即有智慧的个人，他们的思考是真正的哲学，而不仅仅是共有的民间传说。

定位

非洲与非洲裔哲学 · 撒哈拉以南非洲 · 认识论, 伦理学

肯尼亚的“智者哲学”哲学家：对乡村智者的访谈显示，传统非洲社群中存在批判性的、个体的反思——既不是集体的民族哲学，也不是舶来的学院思想。

核心思想

智者哲学
非洲哲学的四种趋势
对民族哲学的批判

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影响

受影响于 1

朱利叶斯·尼雷尔

受其影响存在争议
Odera Oruka counted Nyerere’s ujamaa in the ‘nationalist-ideological’ trend of African philosophy (‘Four Trends in Current African Philosophy’, 1981); whether Nyerere shaped his sage philosophy is uncertain. H. Odera Oruka, “Four Trends in Current African Philosophy”, in A. Diemer (ed.), Philosophy in the Present Situation of Africa (1981); Sage Philosophy (1990); J. K. Nyerere, Ujamaa: Essays on Socialism (1968)
依据: AI 草稿
朱利叶斯·尼雷尔 › 1922–1999

批评

批评了 3

普拉希德·坦普尔斯

批评了
Odera Oruka took Tempels’ Bantu Philosophy as the model of ethnophilosophy, a communal worldview presented as philosophy, unlike the critical thought of individual sages (Sage Philosophy, 1990). H. Odera Oruka, “Four Trends in Current African Philosophy” (1978; publ. 1981); Sage Philosophy (1990), introduction
依据: AI 草稿
普拉希德·坦普尔斯 › 1906–1977
约翰·S. 姆比蒂

批评了
Odera Oruka placed Mbiti’s African Religions and Philosophy (1969) under ‘ethnophilosophy’, a description of collective beliefs rather than critical reflection by individual thinkers. H. Odera Oruka, “Four Trends in Current African Philosophy” (1978; publ. 1981); Sage Philosophy (1990), introduction
依据: AI 草稿
约翰·S. 姆比蒂 › 1931–2019
保兰·洪通吉

批评了
Against Hountondji’s tie between philosophy and writing, Odera Oruka held that sages in oral cultures reflect critically as individuals: ‘philosophic sagacity’ (Sage Philosophy, 1990). H. Odera Oruka, “Sagacity in African Philosophy”, International Philosophical Quarterly 23 (1983); Sage Philosophy (1990), introduction
依据: AI 草稿
保兰·洪通吉 › 1942–2024

作品

1990圣哲哲学
与肯尼亚圣哲的谈话，记录了传统共同体内部的个别批判性思想者。

立场

Odera Oruka distinguished four trends in African philosophy: ethnophilosophy, philosophic sagacity, nationalist-ideological philosophy and professional philosophy; he later added two more. Against the claim that traditional Africa knew only a collective, unanimous worldview, he recorded conversations with Kenyan sages who had little or no schooling. Some were folk sages, voicing shared wisdom; others were philosophic sages, who examined that wisdom critically and argued for their own views. This showed individual, rational reflection within oral cultures. Critics asked how far the sages’ answers were shaped by the academic interviewer. He also wrote on punishment, liberty, the right to a minimum of material welfare and environmental ethics.

生平与背景

Henry Odera Oruka was born in Kenya in 1944. He studied in Sweden at Uppsala and in the United States at Wayne State University in Detroit, where he earned his doctorate. From around 1970 he taught at the University of Nairobi, where he long led the department of philosophy and in the mid-1970s began his sage philosophy project. He died in Nairobi in 1995 after being struck by a car.