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保罗·那托尔卜

1854–1924

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那托尔卜认为，哲学是对科学认识之条件的批判，他把柏拉图的理念解读为这样一种方法的假设，而不是独立的存在。

定位

德国唯心主义及其后继者 · 西欧 · 认识论, 形而上学

与科恩同属马堡学派的新康德主义者：他把柏拉图的理念解读为科学方法的假设，而不是独立的存在，发展了批判心理学和社会教育学，并教过卡西尔。

核心思想

  • 柏拉图的理念是一种方法，而不是独立的存在
  • 批判心理学

学生: 恩斯特·卡西尔

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 柏拉图

    受其影响

    Natorp’s Platos Ideenlehre (1903) reads Plato’s Ideas critically, as hypotheses of a scientific method, and finds in Plato an early idealism. SEP “Paul Natorp” (A. Kim), §1; SEP “Neo-Kantianism” (J. Heis), §2

    依据: AI 草稿

    柏拉图 › 公元前428—前348年

  • 赫尔曼·科恩

    受其影响 ✓

    Natorp became, with Cohen, the second leading voice of the Marburg School and shared its transcendental method. SEP “Paul Natorp” (A. Kim), §1; SEP “Neo-Kantianism” (J. Heis), §2 (habilitation under Cohen, 1881)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    赫尔曼·科恩 › 1842–1918

影响了 1

  • 恩斯特·卡西尔 教过

    教过

    Cassirer studied at Marburg from 1896 under Cohen and Natorp and took his doctorate there in 1899. J. M. Krois, Kurzbiographie Cassirer (Universität Hamburg, digitalisate.sub.uni-hamburg.de); Mathematics Genealogy Project lists Cohen and Natorp as advisors

    依据: AI 草稿

    恩斯特·卡西尔 › 1874–1945

作品

  • 1903柏拉图的理念论

    那托尔卜的主要著作：他把柏拉图的理念解读为科学方法的假设，而不是独立的存在，并由此在柏拉图那里发现了观念论的早期形态。

  • 1912依批判方法的普通心理学

    批判心理学：直接经验无法被直接观察，只能间接地通过从科学已对象化的成果出发作方法上的回溯而达到；那托尔卜由此把先验方法带入了心理学。

立场

Natorp is on the map as the second voice of the Marburg School of neo-Kantianism beside Cohen. He explained and developed Cohen’s work on Kant and the theory of science and carried the transcendental method into psychology, ethics, politics and pedagogy. Philosophy is for him critique of the conditions of scientific knowledge and, more widely, of culture; science advances through hypotheses, which he treats as active positings, and thinking is functional and synthetic. In Plato’s Theory of Ideas (1903), his major work, he reads Plato’s Ideas as hypotheses of a scientific method rather than as separate beings, finding in Plato an early idealism. His Social Pedagogy (1899) belongs to this extension, and in the General Psychology According to the Critical Method (1912) he argues that immediate experience can be reached only indirectly, by reversing from the objectified results of science. Cassirer was his student, and Gadamer wrote his dissertation under him; Natorp reported that reading Lange led him into philosophy.

生平与背景

Paul Natorp was born on 24 January 1854 in Düsseldorf. He began with classical philology under Hermann Usener in Bonn and continued in Strasbourg before turning to philosophy under the influence of the Marburg reading of Kant. In 1881 he habilitated in Marburg under Hermann Cohen with a study of Descartes’ theory of knowledge, and he stayed in Marburg for the rest of his career, becoming a professor in 1893. Late in life he helped to secure Martin Heidegger’s appointment as associate professor at Marburg; Heidegger later held his chair. He died on 17 August 1924.

其他主要作品

  • Social Pedagogy (Sozialpädagogik, 1899)
  • Plato’s Theory of Ideas (Platos Ideenlehre, 1903)
  • The Logical Foundations of the Exact Sciences (Die logischen Grundlagen der exakten Wissenschaften, 1910)
  • General Psychology According to the Critical Method (Allgemeine Psychologie nach kritischer Methode, 1912)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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