所罗门·伊本·加比罗尔

Agora

所罗门·伊本·加比罗尔

约1021–1058年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

除上帝之外的一切，甚至天使和灵魂，都由质料和形式构成——而上帝的意志是他与世界之间的桥梁。

定位

伊斯兰世界的哲学 · 南欧 · 形而上学, 宗教

安达卢斯的犹太诗人兼哲学家：在《生命之源》中，连精神性的存在者也由质料与形式构成；在拉丁语世界里，他以“阿维斯布隆”（Avicebron）之名，长期被当作穆斯林。

核心思想

普遍质形论
神圣意志作为中介
新柏拉图主义的流溢

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影响

受影响于 1

普罗提诺

受其影响
Ibn Gabirol’s Fountain of Life follows a Neoplatonic scheme of procession from the One, adding universal matter and the divine will between God and creation. Solomon ibn Gabirol, Fons vitae (Meqor hayyim); SEP “Solomon Ibn Gabirol [Avicebron]”
依据: AI 草稿
普罗提诺 › 204–270

批评

受批评于 1

托马斯·阿奎那

受其批评
Aquinas rejected Avicebron’s (Ibn Gabirol’s) universal hylomorphism: angels and souls have no matter, being composed only of potency and act (Summa theologiae I q. 50 a. 2). Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae I q. 50 a. 2; De spiritualibus creaturis a. 1; SEP “Solomon Ibn Gabirol [Avicebron]”
依据: AI 草稿
托马斯·阿奎那 › 约1225–1274年

作品

约1050年生命之源（Fons Vitae）
一部以拉丁文保存下来的新柏拉图主义对话：一切受造者，甚至灵魂和理智，都由质料和形式构成。

立场

Ibn Gabirol was one of the great Hebrew poets – his “Royal Crown” is still recited on the Day of Atonement – and a philosopher. His Fountain of Life, a Neoplatonic dialogue, almost never cites the Bible. Everything except God, he argues, is composed of matter and form: even souls and intelligences have a “spiritual matter” (universal hylomorphism). Between God and creation stands the divine will, through which forms are imparted to matter. The Arabic original is lost; the Latin version circulated under the name “Avicebron”, taken for a Muslim or Christian until Salomon Munk identified him in 1846. Franciscans such as Bonaventure adopted spiritual matter; Thomas Aquinas rejected it.

生平与背景

Solomon ibn Gabirol was born around 1021 in Málaga and grew up in Saragossa, then a centre of Jewish culture in al-Andalus. Orphaned and sickly, he found a patron in the courtier Jekuthiel ibn Hassan, who was killed in 1039; later he wrote poems for Samuel ha-Nagid of Granada. He died young, around 1058 – some sources say around 1070.