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平塚雷鸟

1886–1971

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

女性曾经是太阳，如今却成了映照男性的苍白月亮——她们必须重新发现自己被隐藏的自我，并赢得自己的权利。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 社会与历史, 政治与法, 存在与自我, 性别与女性主义

1911年女性杂志《青鞜》（Seitō）的创办者：“太初，女性是太阳”——她借助禅的修行和西方个人主义，呼吁女性找回隐藏的自我，并于1920年共同创立了新妇人协会，为女性的政治权利而奔走。

核心思想

  • “太初，女性是太阳”
  • 通过禅的自我觉醒
  • 日本女性的政治权利

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 弗里德里希·尼采

    受其影响

    Hiratsuka’s Seitō manifesto (1911) drew on Zarathustra, just translated by her mentor Ikuta Chōkō, quoting it and calling for women’s hidden genius to be released. Hiratsuka Raichō, “Genshi josei wa taiyō de atta”, Seitō 1 (1911); E. I. Garaeva, Ežegodnik Japonija 48 (2019)

    依据: AI 草稿

    弗里德里希·尼采 › 1844–1900

  • 爱伦·凯

    受其影响

    Hiratsuka translated Ellen Key in Seitō from 1913 and, in the motherhood protection debate of 1918–19, followed Key in demanding state support for mothers. Seitō (1911–16); Hiratsuka Raichō, In the Beginning, Woman Was the Sun: The Autobiography of a Japanese Feminist, tr. T. Craig (2006)

    依据: AI 草稿

    爱伦·凯 › 1849–1926

作品

立场

Her opening manifesto for Seitō – “In the beginning, woman was the sun” – declares that woman was once an authentic self shining by her own light and is now a sickly moon who shines by another’s. The genius hidden in every woman must be released by concentration and self-discovery; Hiratsuka drew the vocabulary of inner awakening from Zen practice and from Western individualism. Seitō became the forum of Japan’s “new women”, denounced by the press. In the “motherhood protection debate” of 1918–19 she argued, against Yosano Akiko, that the state should support mothers, a position influenced by Ellen Key. Her thought combines spiritual self-cultivation with concrete political demands.

生平与背景

Hiratsuka Raichō (1886–1971), born Hiratsuka Haru in Tokyo, studied at Japan Women’s University, practised Zen and was involved in a scandal in 1908 when a failed double suicide with a writer was reported in the press. In 1911 she founded Seitō (“Bluestocking”), the first literary journal written and edited by women in Japan. In 1920 she co-founded the New Women’s Association, which campaigned for women’s political rights.

其他主要作品

  • “In the Beginning, Woman Was the Sun” (manifesto of Seitō, 1911)
  • Autobiography: In the Beginning, Woman Was the Sun (1971)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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