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迷途之光——因其作为种族主义意识形态鼓吹者的影响而列入星图，作为批判的对象。

休斯顿·斯图尔特·张伯伦

1855–1927

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

在张伯伦看来，欧洲历史是“日耳曼”民族与犹太人之间的斗争——这一反犹建构为纳粹意识形态铺平了道路。

定位

社会学与社会理论 · 北欧 · 社会与历史, 政治与法, 宗教

生于英国、居于维也纳和拜罗伊特的作家，理查德·瓦格纳的女婿；他的《十九世纪的基础》（1899年）在德国知识阶层中传播一种反犹的种族史观，1923年他向希特勒致意；作为批判对象列入本图。

核心思想

  • 作为历史哲学的种族反犹主义（已被驳倒）
  • “日耳曼人”对犹太人（意识形态建构）
  • 拜罗伊特圈子
  • 纳粹意识形态的先驱

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 阿蒂尔·德·戈比诺

    受其影响

    Chamberlain took up Gobineau’s racial doctrine in Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899) but rejected his pessimism about racial mixing; scholarship treats both as pseudoscientific race ideology. H. S. Chamberlain, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (1899); G. G. Field, Evangelist of Race: The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1981)

    依据: AI 草稿

    阿蒂尔·德·戈比诺 › 1816–1882

批评

受批评于 1

  • 格奥尔格·卢卡奇

    受其批评

    Lukács placed Chamberlain’s Foundations of the Nineteenth Century in the line of racial theory from Gobineau to fascism (Die Zerstörung der Vernunft, 1954, ch. VII). G. Lukács, Die Zerstörung der Vernunft (1954), ch. VII (“Der Sozialdarwinismus, die Rassentheorie und der Faschismus”)

    依据: AI 草稿

    格奥尔格·卢卡奇 › 1885–1971

作品

  • 1899十九世纪的基础

    把欧洲历史描绘为“日耳曼人”与犹太人之间斗争的宏大叙述；在知识阶层中畅销，并成为纳粹意识形态的来源之一。

立场

Chamberlain is on the map as an ideologue, because research on antisemitism and National Socialism treats him as one of its most effective forerunners. The Foundations presented European history as a struggle between “Germanic” peoples, as bearers of culture, and Jews, described as a racially foreign and destructive force; Christianity was reinterpreted to make Jesus a non-Jew. Chamberlain combined borrowings from Gobineau, Darwinian vocabulary and an idealist philosophy of culture, and claimed Kant and Goethe for his view – claims that the scholarship on both rejects. The book’s success among the educated public and its use by Alfred Rosenberg, whose “Myth of the Twentieth Century” (1930) continued it, made it a link between the völkisch movement of the Empire and National Socialism. Geoffrey G. Field’s biography “Evangelist of Race” (1981) traces this path; Georg Lukács (1954) placed him in the line from Gobineau to fascism.

生平与背景

Houston Stewart Chamberlain was born on 9 September 1855 in Southsea near Portsmouth, the son of a British naval officer. He grew up mainly in France with relatives, attended Cheltenham College and studied natural sciences in Geneva. Through his enthusiasm for Richard Wagner he moved to Germany and Austria: he lived in Dresden from 1885 and in Vienna from 1889, wrote on Wagner and in 1899 published “The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century”, which went through many editions and was promoted by Emperor Wilhelm II. Books on Kant (1905) and Goethe (1912) followed. In 1908 he married Wagner’s daughter Eva and settled in Bayreuth. During the First World War he wrote anti-British propaganda and became a German citizen in 1916. In September 1923 he met Adolf Hitler in Bayreuth and soon afterwards wrote to him that his appearance proved Germany was still alive. Paralysed in his last years, he died in Bayreuth on 9 January 1927; Hitler attended the funeral.

其他主要作品

  • Richard Wagner (1895)
  • The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 1899)
  • Immanuel Kant (1905)
  • Goethe (1912)
  • War Essays (Kriegsaufsätze, 1914–15)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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