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科尔内利乌斯·卡斯托里亚迪斯

1922–1997

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社会不受历史规律或自然规律支配，而是通过想象的意义创造自身；自治意味着一个社会及其成员承认自己是其制度的创造者，并敢于质疑这些制度。

定位

社会主义、无政府主义、马克思主义与批判理论 · 西亚与北非 · 政治与法, 社会与历史, 心灵与意识

生于君士坦丁堡、在雅典长大的哲学家、经济学家和精神分析学家，1949年在巴黎参与创立“社会主义或野蛮”团体，后与马克思主义决裂，把富于创造性的“社会想象”以及个人与集体自治的计划置于其著作的中心。

核心思想

  • 社会的想象制度
  • 自治与他治
  • 根本想象
  • 对官僚社会的批判

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 西格蒙德·弗洛伊德

    受其影响

    Castoriadis read Freud’s psyche as radical imagination, a ceaseless flow of representations that society must socialise (The Imaginary Institution of Society, 1975). C. Castoriadis, L’institution imaginaire de la société (1975)

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 › 1856–1939

影响了 1

  • 让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔

    影响了

    As a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie (1954–64) Lyotard adopted Castoriadis’s critique of bureaucracy, Soviet and capitalist, before splitting with him in 1963 over his revision of Marxism. J.-F. Lyotard, La guerre des Algériens. Écrits 1956–1963 (1989); Pérégrinations (1988); SEP “Jean François Lyotard”

    依据: AI 草稿

    让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔 › 1924–1998

批评

受批评于 1

  • 尤尔根·哈贝马斯

    受其批评

    Habermas objected that Castoriadis’s creative social imaginary transfers the philosophy of the subject to society and cannot ground rational autonomy (Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, 1985). J. Habermas, Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne (1985), excursus on Castoriadis (after Lecture XI)

    依据: AI 草稿

    尤尔根·哈贝马斯 › 1929–2026

批评了 2

  • 卡尔·马克思

    批评了

    Castoriadis concluded that Marx’s economic determinism and primacy of productive forces cannot grasp social creation, so the theory had become an ideology (Imaginary Institution of Society, 1975, I). C. Castoriadis, “Marxisme et théorie révolutionnaire”, Socialisme ou Barbarie 36–40 (1964–65); L’institution imaginaire de la société (1975), part I

    依据: AI 草稿

    卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883

  • 雅克·拉康

    批评了

    Castoriadis rejected Lacan’s view of the imaginary as specular illusion, conceiving it as radical creation, and attacked Lacanian practice (Imaginary Institution, 1975; ‘La psychanalyse, projet et élucidation’, 1977). C. Castoriadis, L’institution imaginaire de la société (1975); “La psychanalyse, projet et élucidation”, in Les carrefours du labyrinthe I (1978), pp. 81–157

    依据: AI 草稿

    雅克·拉康 › 1901–1981

作品

  • 1975社会的想象制度

    与马克思主义的决定论决裂：每个社会都通过既非理性亦非自然的想象意义创造自身，自治意味着认识并质疑自身的制度。

  • 1978迷宫的十字路口

    关于精神分析、语言、科学与社会的论文集，是以此为题的六卷中的第一卷。

立场

Castoriadis is on the map for the idea that societies create themselves. In “Socialisme ou Barbarie” he analysed the Soviet Union as bureaucratic capitalism and saw the division between those who direct and those who carry out orders as the central conflict of modern societies in East and West; his ideas on workers’ self-management found an echo in May 1968. In the 1960s he concluded that Marxism, with its determinism and its claim to know the laws of history, had itself become an obstacle. “The Imaginary Institution of Society” sets against it the social imaginary: every society institutes itself through significations, gods, values, ideas of what is real, that cannot be deduced from nature or reason. Autonomy means that a society, and an individual, recognises itself as the author of its institutions and can question them; he found historical models in the Athenian polis and in modern democratic and workers’ movements. From Freud he took the radical imagination of the psyche, while rejecting Lacan’s structuralism. Jean-François Lyotard belonged to Socialisme ou Barbarie for ten years. Jürgen Habermas objected in 1985 that in Castoriadis’s model the creation of new worlds of meaning cannot be tied back to reasons the members of a society can share, and Axel Honneth discussed his ontology of creation critically in the same decade.

生平与背景

Cornelius Castoriadis was born on 11 March 1922 in Constantinople; his family moved to Athens the same year. He studied law, economics and political science in Athens, joined the communist youth in 1937 under the Metaxas dictatorship and during the German occupation broke with the Communist Party to join a Trotskyist group, which exposed him to persecution from both sides. In December 1945 he left for Paris on a French scholarship aboard the ship “Mataroa”. In the French Trotskyist party he formed a tendency with Claude Lefort and left the party with it in 1948; the group and journal “Socialisme ou Barbarie” (journal 1949–65) emerged from it, and he wrote there under pseudonyms such as Pierre Chaulieu and Paul Cardan. From 1948 to 1970 he worked as an economist at the OEEC, later the OECD. Only after becoming a French citizen in 1970 did he publish under his own name. In 1969 he followed the break with Lacan’s school that led to the founding of the Quatrième Groupe, trained as a psychoanalyst and practised from 1973. From 1980 he was director of studies at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales in Paris. He died in Paris on 26 December 1997.

其他主要作品

  • Bureaucratic Society (La société bureaucratique, 2 vols., 1973)
  • The Imaginary Institution of Society (L’institution imaginaire de la société, 1975)
  • Crossroads in the Labyrinth (Les carrefours du labyrinthe, 1978)
  • The Content of Socialism (Le contenu du socialisme, 1979)
  • The Rising Tide of Insignificancy (La montée de l’insignifiance, 1996)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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