Henry David Thoreau
Żyj prosto i blisko natury, i odmawiaj posłuszeństwa prawom niesprawiedliwym, nawet jeśli oznacza to więzienie.
Umiejscowienie
„Walden” i nieposłuszeństwo obywatelskie: proste życie i opór wobec niesprawiedliwych praw.
Kluczowe idee
- Nieposłuszeństwo obywatelskie
- Proste życie
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 1
Ralph Waldo Emerson
pod wpływem ✓
Thoreau, Emerson’s protégé, took up his ideals of self-reliance and of nature as spirit (Nature, 1836) and tested them at Walden Pond on Emerson’s land (Walden, 1854). R. W. Emerson, Nature (1836); “Self-Reliance” (1841); H. D. Thoreau, Walden (1854); SEP “Henry David Thoreau”
Ralph Waldo Emerson › 1803–1882
Wpływ na 3
Lew Tołstoj
wpływ na ✓
Tolstoy read Thoreau’s essay on civil disobedience (1849) in the 1890s, found in it support for refusing obedience to unjust state demands, and urged a Russian translation. H. D. Thoreau, “Resistance to Civil Government” (1849); L. N. Tolstoy, letters to V. G. Chertkov (1890s)
Lew Tołstoj › 1828–1910
Mahatma Gandhi
wpływ na ✓
Gandhi read Thoreau’s essay on civil disobedience in South Africa around 1907 and printed extracts in Indian Opinion, while insisting his resistance had begun before. G. Hendrick, “The Influence of Thoreau’s ‘Civil Disobedience’ on Gandhi’s Satyagraha”, New England Quarterly 29 (1956); M. K. Gandhi, letter to P. Kodanda Rao (1935)
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Mahatma Gandhi › 1869–1948
Martin Luther King Jr.
wpływ na ✓
King recalled that Thoreau’s essay on civil disobedience, read at Morehouse College, was his first contact with the theory of nonviolent resistance (Stride Toward Freedom, 1958). M. L. King Jr., Stride Toward Freedom (1958), “Pilgrimage to Nonviolence”; H. D. Thoreau, “Resistance to Civil Government” (1849)
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Martin Luther King Jr. › 1929–1968
Dzieła
W państwie, które niesprawiedliwie więzi kogokolwiek, prawdziwym miejscem sprawiedliwego człowieka jest także więzienie.
- 1854Walden
Dwa lata w chacie nad stawem: chciałem żyć z namysłem.
Stanowisko
Thoreau tested Transcendentalist ideas in his own life. At Walden Pond he wanted to “live deliberately”, to reduce life to its essentials and to discover how little one truly needs. Walden is both an account of that experiment and a critique of a society in which most people “lead lives of quiet desperation” in pursuit of possessions. In his essay on civil disobedience he argued that conscience stands above the law: when the state commits injustice, such as supporting slavery, the just person must refuse to cooperate, even at the cost of prison. Gandhi and Martin Luther King drew on this essay, and Walden became a classic of environmental thought.
Życie i kontekst
Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts, studied at Harvard and became a friend and protégé of Emerson. From 1845 to 1847 he lived in a self-built cabin on Walden Pond on Emerson’s land. He spent a night in jail for refusing to pay a tax that would support slavery and the war against Mexico, and he was a committed abolitionist.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849)
- Civil Disobedience (1849)
- A Plea for Captain John Brown (1859)
- Life Without Principle (1863)
Stan na listopad 2026 · Źródła · Ulepsz tę stronę · Jak powstaje Agora