Tales z Miletu
Przyrodę można wyjaśnić z samej przyrody, a nie mitami – a woda jest podstawowym tworzywem, z którego wszystko pochodzi.
Umiejscowienie
Od czasów Arystotelesa uchodzi za pierwszego greckiego filozofa: szukał naturalnego, a nie mitycznego wyjaśnienia świata.
Kluczowe idee
- Woda jako pierwotna substancja (arche)
- Wyjaśnienie naturalne zamiast mitu
Uczniowie: Anaksymander
Wpływ
Wpływ na 2
Anaksymander uczeń/uczennica
uczeń/uczennica sporne późniejsza tradycja ✓
Known only from later tradition – Theophrastus’ ‘successor and pupil of Thales’, preserved by Simplicius (In Physica 24.13), and the Ionian succession in Diogenes Laertius 1.13; the succession may be a later construction. Simplicius, In Physica 24.13 Diels (DK 12 A9, after Theophrastus); Diogenes Laertius 1.13
Źródło: także w Wikidanych · Wikidata
Anaksymander › ok. 610–546 p.n.e.
Pitagoras
wpływ na sporne ✓
Iamblichus’ Life of Pythagoras says the aged Thales received the young Pythagoras and urged him to study in Egypt; the report is legendary and traces no doctrine. Iamblichus, On the Pythagorean Life; SEP “Pythagoras”
Pitagoras › według tradycji ok. 570–495 p.n.e.
Stanowisko
Thales is remembered as the first to ask what the world is ultimately made of and to answer without appealing to the gods of myth. According to Aristotle, he held that water is the origin (archē) of all things – perhaps because moisture is present in all life, in nourishment and in seeds. He is also said to have claimed that “all things are full of gods” and that the magnet has a soul, suggesting a living, self-moving nature. What mattered was less the answer than the method: a single natural principle, open to argument and correction. With him begins the Milesian tradition of natural philosophy.
Życie i kontekst
Thales lived in Miletus, a wealthy Greek trading city on the coast of Asia Minor, in the early sixth century BCE. Later tradition credits him with predicting a solar eclipse (usually dated to 585 BCE), with theorems of geometry and with practical work in astronomy and engineering. He left no writings; we know of him through Aristotle and later reports.
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