वात्सुजी तेत्सुरो
मनुष्य कोई अलग-थलग व्यक्ति नहीं बल्कि लोगों के बीच के अंतराल में अस्तित्व रखता है, जलवायु और संस्कृति से आकार पाता हुआ।
पृष्ठभूमि
“अंतःसंबंधता” के नीतिशास्त्री: मनुष्य (निंगेन) संबंधों में अस्तित्व रखता है; हाइडेगर के काल पर बल के विरुद्ध उन्होंने स्थान और जलवायु (फ़ूदो) पर ज़ोर दिया।
मुख्य विचार
- अंतःसंबंधता के रूप में निंगेन
- जलवायु और संस्कृति (फ़ूदो)
- मानव-संबंधों के अध्ययन के रूप में नीतिशास्त्र
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
दोगेन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Watsuji’s essay ‘The Monk Dōgen’ (Shamon Dōgen, in Nihon seishinshi kenkyū, 1926) presented Dōgen, until then read mainly within the Sōtō school, as a philosopher. Watsuji Tetsurō, “Shamon Dōgen”, in Nihon seishinshi kenkyū (1926); SEP “Watsuji Tetsurō”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
दोगेन › 1200–1253
सोरेन किर्केगार्द
जिनसे प्रभावित
Watsuji followed his Nietzsche book with a study of Kierkegaard (Zēren Kierukegōru, 1915). Watsuji Tetsurō, Zēren Kierukegōru (1915); SEP “Watsuji Tetsurō”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
सोरेन किर्केगार्द › 1813–1855
फ़्रीडरिश नीत्शे
जिनसे प्रभावित
Watsuji’s first book was a study of Nietzsche (Nīche kenkyū, 1913), written before he turned to Japanese culture and to ethics. Watsuji Tetsurō, Nīche kenkyū (1913); SEP “Watsuji Tetsurō”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
फ़्रीडरिश नीत्शे › 1844–1900
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 1
मार्टिन हाइडेगर जिनसे प्रभावित
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Watsuji adopted the hermeneutic analysis of existence from Being and Time but shifted it from the individual to betweenness (aidagara) in Ethics as the Study of Ningen (1934). Watsuji Tetsurō, Ningen no gaku to shite no rinrigaku (1934); Fūdo (1935); SEP “Watsuji Tetsurō”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
जिनकी आलोचना की
Watsuji, who read Being and Time in Berlin in 1927, objected that Heidegger privileged time and the individual over space and human relations shaped by climate (Fūdo, 1935). Watsuji Tetsurō, Fūdo (1935), preface; tr. G. Bownas, Climate and Culture, 1961; SEP “Watsuji Tetsurō”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मार्टिन हाइडेगर › 1889–1976
कृतियाँ
“सत्ता और समय” पढ़ने के बाद आरंभ: मानवीय अस्तित्व कालिक के साथ-साथ स्थानिक भी है और मानसून, मरुस्थल और घास के मैदान की जलवायुओं में आकार लेता है।
मत
Watsuji’s ethics starts from the word ningen, written with the characters for “person” and “between”: humans always exist in relations, in “betweenness” (aidagara). Ethics is the study of these relational orders, in which individual and community negate each other within an underlying emptiness of Buddhist origin. In Fūdo he objected that Heidegger privileged time over space and described how monsoon, desert and meadow climates shape cultures – a typology criticised as deterministic. He also rediscovered Dōgen as a philosopher. His ethics culminating in the state and wartime writings on reverence for the emperor have been criticised as supporting nationalism; after 1945 he revised but did not abandon these views.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Watsuji Tetsurō, a physician’s son, was born in 1889 near Himeji. He studied philosophy in Tokyo and wrote early books on Nietzsche and Kierkegaard before turning to Japanese culture, as in his Pilgrimages to the Ancient Temples in Nara. He taught in Kyoto from 1925, read Being and Time while in Germany in 1927–1928, and held the chair of ethics in Tokyo from 1934 to 1949. He died in 1960.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Ethics as the Study of Man (Ningen no gaku to shite no rinrigaku, 1934)
- Climate and Culture (Fūdo, 1935)
- Ethics (Rinrigaku, 3 vols, 1937–1949)
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