सूज़न स्टेबिंग

कृतियाँ

• 1930तर्कशास्त्र का आधुनिक परिचय

  पारंपरिक तर्कशास्त्र को ह्वाइटहेड और रसेल के प्रिंसिपिया मैथेमेटिका के नए तर्कशास्त्र से जोड़ने वाली अंग्रेज़ी की पहली पाठ्यपुस्तकों में से एक, रसेल के वर्णन-सिद्धांत सहित, वैज्ञानिक पद्धति की चर्चा के साथ; 1933 में संशोधित।

• 1933तार्किक प्रत्यक्षवाद और विश्लेषण

  ब्रिटिश अकादमी में व्याख्यान जो कैम्ब्रिज में अभ्यस्त उस विश्लेषण में भेद करता है जो हम पहले से जो जानते हैं उससे आरंभ करके उसके अंतिम घटक खोजता है, और तार्किक प्रत्यक्षवादियों द्वारा औपचारिक प्रणालियों के निर्माण में; कार्नैप के विरुद्ध वे पद्धतिगत अहंमात्रवाद को अस्वीकार करती हैं।

• 1939थिंकिंग टू सम पर्पज़

  पेलिकन पुस्तक जो बीबीसी द्वारा उनसे आयोजित वार्ताओं की एक शृंखला से उपजी, जिन्हें बीमारी ने उन्हें देने से रोका: वह राजनीतिक भाषणों और अख़बारों में तर्कों का विश्लेषण करती है – जिनमें “डिब्बाबंद चिंतन” है, बिना सोचे संक्षिप्त रूप में अपनाए गए दृढ़-विश्वास – इस विश्वास के साथ कि लोकतंत्र को स्पष्ट सोचने वाले नागरिक चाहिए।

मत

Stebbing is on the map as a logician and as a representative of the Cambridge school of analysis between the wars. Her “A Modern Introduction to Logic” (1930) was one of the first textbooks in English to present the new logic of Principia Mathematica alongside traditional logic. In “The Method of Analysis in Metaphysics” (1932) and “Logical Positivism and Analysis” (1933) she distinguished “directional” analysis, which starts from facts we already know and seeks their ultimate constituents, from the “postulational” method of building formal systems; against Carnap she rejected the constructional systems of the logical positivists and their methodological solipsism, and she held that they put the question of meaning before the question of truth. In “Philosophy and the Physicists” (1937) she criticised the astronomers Arthur Eddington and James Jeans for drawing idealist conclusions from modern physics in their popular books. “Thinking to Some Purpose” (1939), written for a broad public on the eve of war, analysed the arguments of politicians and newspapers and argued that democracy depends on citizens who can think clearly; “Ideals and Illusions” (1941) turned to moral and political ideals. Early accounts saw her mainly as a follower of Moore; recent research (M. Beaney, S. Chapman) stresses her own positions and her link to the later philosophy of ordinary language, and Max Black took an excerpt from “Thinking to Some Purpose” into his textbook “Critical Thinking” (1946).

जीवन और संदर्भ

Lizzie Susan Stebbing was born on 2 December 1885 in North Finchley near London. In 1904 she went to Girton College, Cambridge, to read history and then took the first part of the Moral Sciences Tripos; in 1912 she gained an MA in moral science at King’s College London with a thesis published in 1914 as “Pragmatism and French Voluntarism”. After short and part-time posts she became a lecturer at Bedford College, London, in 1920, and in 1933 professor there – the first woman in Britain to hold a full professorship in philosophy. She was president of the Mind Association (1931–32) and of the Aristotelian Society (1933–34), and in 1933 among the founders of the journal “Analysis”. In 1934 she invited Rudolf Carnap to lecture in London, where he met Russell and A. J. Ayer for the first time. In the 1930s she gave much time, influence and money to rescuing refugee scholars and children from Germany and the countries occupied by the Nazi regime. She died of cancer on 11 September 1943 at Northwood, Middlesex.

अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ

• Pragmatism and French Voluntarism (1914)
• A Modern Introduction to Logic (1930, rev. 1933)
• The Method of Analysis in Metaphysics (1932)
• Logical Positivism and Analysis (1933)
• Logic in Practice (1934)
• Philosophy and the Physicists (1937)
• Thinking to Some Purpose (1939)
• Ideals and Illusions (1941)
• A Modern Elementary Logic (1943)
• Men and Moral Principles (posthumous, 1944)