ग्योस्ता एस्पिंग-एंडरसन

कृतियाँ

• 1990द थ्री वर्ल्ड्स ऑफ़ वेल्फ़ेयर कैपिटलिज़्म

  अठारह धनी लोकतंत्रों की इस आधार पर तुलना करता है कि सामाजिक अधिकार लोगों को बाज़ार से कितना मुक्त करते हैं और सामाजिक नीति स्तरीकरण को कैसे आकार देती है, और उन्हें भिन्न ऐतिहासिक वर्ग-गठबंधनों से बनी उदार, रूढ़िवादी और सामाजिक-लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्थाओं में समूहित करता है।

• 2009द इनकम्प्लीट रेवोल्यूशन: स्त्रियों की नई भूमिकाओं के अनुकूलन

  स्त्रियों की बढ़ती शिक्षा और रोज़गार ने परिवारों को बदल दिया है, पर क्रांति अधूरी है: जहाँ नीतियाँ और पुरुष पीछे रह जाते हैं, वहाँ प्रजनन-दर गिरती है और परिवारों के बीच असमानता बढ़ती है; एस्पिंग-एंडरसन लैंगिक समानता और प्रारंभिक बाल्यावस्था का समर्थन करने वाली कल्याण-नीतियों की पैरवी करते हैं।

मत

Esping-Andersen is on the map as a bridge figure from comparative welfare-state research. “The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism” (1990) argued that welfare states differ in kind, not only in how much they spend. Esping-Andersen, inspired by Karl Polanyi and recalling Marx’s analysis of labour power as a commodity, measured how far social rights allow people to maintain a livelihood independently of the market (“de-commodification”), and how far social policy reproduces or reduces social stratification. On this basis the book distinguished three regimes: a liberal one with modest, means-tested benefits (United States, Canada, Australia), a conservative one tied to occupational status and the traditional family (Germany, Austria, Italy) and a social-democratic one with universal benefits (Scandinavia), each shaped by historical coalitions of social classes. The typology became a standard framework of the field. Feminist scholars such as Jane Lewis and Ann Orloff objected that it neglected unpaid care work and women’s dependence on the family; Nancy Fraser cited the book in her model of gender equity after the family wage. Esping-Andersen took up these objections with the concept of “de-familialisation” (“Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies”, 1999), and “The Incomplete Revolution” (2009) examines how women’s rising education and employment change families, fertility and inequality.

जीवन और संदर्भ

Gøsta Esping-Andersen was born in Næstved, Denmark, in 1947. Esping-Andersen studied at the University of Copenhagen and at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, which awarded a doctorate in sociology in 1978 for a dissertation on social class, social democracy and state policy. Teaching posts followed at Harvard University, at the European University Institute in Florence and at the University of Trento, and later at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona, where Esping-Andersen is now professor emeritus. The first book-length studies dealt with the social democratic parties of Scandinavia (“Politics Against Markets”, 1985). Esping-Andersen was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008 and became a corresponding fellow of the British Academy in 2010; the University of Copenhagen awarded an honorary doctorate in 2012.

अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ

• Politics Against Markets: The Social Democratic Road to Power (1985)
• The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (1990)
• Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies (1999)
• Why We Need a New Welfare State (2002, with D. Gallie, A. Hemerijck and J. Myles)
• The Incomplete Revolution: Adapting to Women’s New Roles (2009)