哥斯塔·埃斯平-安德森

作品

• 1990福利资本主义的三个世界

  按照社会权利在多大程度上使人们摆脱市场、社会政策如何塑造社会分层，比较了十八个富裕民主国家，并把它们归入由不同历史阶级联盟形成的自由主义、保守主义和社会民主主义体制。

• 2009未完成的革命：适应女性的新角色

  女性受教育程度和就业率的提高改变了家庭，但这场革命尚未完成：在政策和男性跟不上的地方，生育率下降，家庭之间的不平等加剧；埃斯平-安德森主张实行支持性别平等和早期儿童发展的福利政策。

立场

Esping-Andersen is on the map as a bridge figure from comparative welfare-state research. “The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism” (1990) argued that welfare states differ in kind, not only in how much they spend. Esping-Andersen, inspired by Karl Polanyi and recalling Marx’s analysis of labour power as a commodity, measured how far social rights allow people to maintain a livelihood independently of the market (“de-commodification”), and how far social policy reproduces or reduces social stratification. On this basis the book distinguished three regimes: a liberal one with modest, means-tested benefits (United States, Canada, Australia), a conservative one tied to occupational status and the traditional family (Germany, Austria, Italy) and a social-democratic one with universal benefits (Scandinavia), each shaped by historical coalitions of social classes. The typology became a standard framework of the field. Feminist scholars such as Jane Lewis and Ann Orloff objected that it neglected unpaid care work and women’s dependence on the family; Nancy Fraser cited the book in her model of gender equity after the family wage. Esping-Andersen took up these objections with the concept of “de-familialisation” (“Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies”, 1999), and “The Incomplete Revolution” (2009) examines how women’s rising education and employment change families, fertility and inequality.

生平与背景

Gøsta Esping-Andersen was born in Næstved, Denmark, in 1947. Esping-Andersen studied at the University of Copenhagen and at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, which awarded a doctorate in sociology in 1978 for a dissertation on social class, social democracy and state policy. Teaching posts followed at Harvard University, at the European University Institute in Florence and at the University of Trento, and later at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona, where Esping-Andersen is now professor emeritus. The first book-length studies dealt with the social democratic parties of Scandinavia (“Politics Against Markets”, 1985). Esping-Andersen was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008 and became a corresponding fellow of the British Academy in 2010; the University of Copenhagen awarded an honorary doctorate in 2012.

其他主要作品

• Politics Against Markets: The Social Democratic Road to Power (1985)
• The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (1990)
• Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies (1999)
• Why We Need a New Welfare State (2002, with D. Gallie, A. Hemerijck and J. Myles)
• The Incomplete Revolution: Adapting to Women’s New Roles (2009)