Agoraविचारों का एक खुला चौक

रूथ बार्कन मार्कस

1921–2012

पहली झलकजानबूझकर सरलीकृत – परिचय में और विस्तार है

तर्कशास्त्र संभव और आवश्यक के बारे में तर्क कर सकता है, और व्यक्तिवाचक नाम किसी वस्तु का मात्र एक लेबल है, उसका कोई छिपा वर्णन नहीं।

पृष्ठभूमि

विश्लेषणात्मक दर्शन · उत्तरी अमेरिका · तर्कशास्त्र, भाषा, तत्त्वमीमांसा

तर्कशास्त्री जिन्होंने 1946 में, कार्नैप के साथ-साथ, परिमाणकों को मोडल संकारकों से जोड़ने वाली पहली प्रणालियों में से एक प्रकाशित की: “बार्कन सूत्र” और उनका यह विवरण कि व्यक्तिवाचक नाम वर्णनात्मक सामग्री के बिना मात्र “टैग” हैं, बाद के संदर्भ-सिद्धांतों का पूर्वाभास थे।

मुख्य विचार

  • परिमाणित मोडल तर्कशास्त्र
  • बार्कन सूत्र
  • टैग के रूप में नाम

तारा-मानचित्र में खोलें

प्रभाव

जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1

  • शॉल क्रिपके

    जिन्हें प्रभावित किया विवादित

    Kripke’s models for quantified modal logic (1959, 1963) took up Barcan’s systems and formula (1946); whether rigid designation derives from her ‘tags’ (1961) is disputed. R. C. Barcan, “A Functional Calculus of First Order Based on Strict Implication”, Journal of Symbolic Logic 11 (1946); R. Barcan Marcus, “Modalities and Intensional Languages”, Synthese 13 (1961); S. A. Kripke, “Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic” (1963); Naming and Necessity (lectures 1970; publ. 1972, 1980); Q. Smith and S. Soames, Synthese 104 (1995); SEP “Ruth Barcan Marcus”

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    शॉल क्रिपके › 1940–2022

आलोचना

परस्पर आलोचना 1

  • डब्ल्यू. वी. ओ. क्वाइन ⇄ परस्पर

    जिनकी आलोचना की

    Against Quine, Barcan Marcus argued that quantified modal logic is coherent: proper names are mere ‘tags’, and identities between them hold necessarily (‘Modalities and Intensional Languages’, 1961). R. Barcan Marcus, “Modalities and Intensional Languages”, Synthese 13 (1961), 303–322, with Quine’s comments (Boston Colloquium)

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    जिनके द्वारा आलोचित

    Quine objected that quantified modal logic, which Barcan Marcus first formalised (1946), founders on referential opacity and commits one to ‘Aristotelian essentialism’ (‘Reference and Modality’, 1953). W. V. O. Quine, “Reference and Modality”, in From a Logical Point of View (1953); “Three Grades of Modal Involvement” (1953); R. C. Barcan, Journal of Symbolic Logic 11 (1946)

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    डब्ल्यू. वी. ओ. क्वाइन › 1908–2000

कृतियाँ

मत

Her 1946 papers gave the first systems of quantified modal logic, combining necessity and possibility with quantifiers; the “Barcan formula”, which says that if it is possible that something has a property then something possibly has it, became a standard topic. Quine argued that quantifying into modal contexts was incoherent; Marcus defended it. In “Modalities and Intensional Languages” she proposed that proper names are mere “tags” with no descriptive meaning, so that identity statements between names, if true, are necessarily true – a view close to what Kripke later made famous as rigid designation; the question of priority has been debated.

जीवन और संदर्भ

Ruth Barcan Marcus (1921–2012) was born in New York, studied mathematics and philosophy at New York University and took her doctorate at Yale under Frederic Fitch in 1946. She taught at Roosevelt University, the University of Illinois at Chicago and Northwestern before returning to Yale in 1973. She was a founding member and chair of the National Board of the American Philosophical Association and active in international logic organisations.

अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ

  • A Functional Calculus of First Order Based on Strict Implication (1946)
  • Modalities and Intensional Languages (1961)
  • Moral Dilemmas and Consistency (1980)
  • Modalities: Philosophical Essays (1993)

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