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鲁思·巴肯·马库斯

1921–2012

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

逻辑可以对可能和必然进行推理，而一个专名只是事物的标签，而不是对它的一种隐藏的描述。

定位

分析哲学 · 北美 · 逻辑学, 语言, 形而上学

逻辑学家，1946年与卡尔纳普同时发表了最早的把量词与模态算子结合起来的系统之一：“巴肯公式”，以及她把专名视为没有描述内容的“标签”的看法，预示了后来的指称理论。

核心思想

  • 量化模态逻辑
  • 巴肯公式
  • 名称即标签

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影响

影响了 1

  • 索尔·克里普克

    影响了 存在争议

    Kripke’s models for quantified modal logic (1959, 1963) took up Barcan’s systems and formula (1946); whether rigid designation derives from her ‘tags’ (1961) is disputed. R. C. Barcan, “A Functional Calculus of First Order Based on Strict Implication”, Journal of Symbolic Logic 11 (1946); R. Barcan Marcus, “Modalities and Intensional Languages”, Synthese 13 (1961); S. A. Kripke, “Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic” (1963); Naming and Necessity (lectures 1970; publ. 1972, 1980); Q. Smith and S. Soames, Synthese 104 (1995); SEP “Ruth Barcan Marcus”

    依据: AI 草稿

    索尔·克里普克 › 1940–2022

批评

相互批评 1

  • W. V. O. 奎因 ⇄ 相互

    批评了

    Against Quine, Barcan Marcus argued that quantified modal logic is coherent: proper names are mere ‘tags’, and identities between them hold necessarily (‘Modalities and Intensional Languages’, 1961). R. Barcan Marcus, “Modalities and Intensional Languages”, Synthese 13 (1961), 303–322, with Quine’s comments (Boston Colloquium)

    依据: AI 草稿

    受其批评

    Quine objected that quantified modal logic, which Barcan Marcus first formalised (1946), founders on referential opacity and commits one to ‘Aristotelian essentialism’ (‘Reference and Modality’, 1953). W. V. O. Quine, “Reference and Modality”, in From a Logical Point of View (1953); “Three Grades of Modal Involvement” (1953); R. C. Barcan, Journal of Symbolic Logic 11 (1946)

    依据: AI 草稿

    W. V. O. 奎因 › 1908–2000

作品

立场

Her 1946 papers gave the first systems of quantified modal logic, combining necessity and possibility with quantifiers; the “Barcan formula”, which says that if it is possible that something has a property then something possibly has it, became a standard topic. Quine argued that quantifying into modal contexts was incoherent; Marcus defended it. In “Modalities and Intensional Languages” she proposed that proper names are mere “tags” with no descriptive meaning, so that identity statements between names, if true, are necessarily true – a view close to what Kripke later made famous as rigid designation; the question of priority has been debated.

生平与背景

Ruth Barcan Marcus (1921–2012) was born in New York, studied mathematics and philosophy at New York University and took her doctorate at Yale under Frederic Fitch in 1946. She taught at Roosevelt University, the University of Illinois at Chicago and Northwestern before returning to Yale in 1973. She was a founding member and chair of the National Board of the American Philosophical Association and active in international logic organisations.

其他主要作品

  • A Functional Calculus of First Order Based on Strict Implication (1946)
  • Modalities and Intensional Languages (1961)
  • Moral Dilemmas and Consistency (1980)
  • Modalities: Philosophical Essays (1993)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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