سعيد الفيومي

الأعمال

• نحو 933كتاب الأمانات والاعتقادات

  أول عمل منهجي في الفلسفة اليهودية: الحس والعقل والاستدلال والتقليد تؤيد معًا الخلق ووحدانية الله وحرية الإنسان.

الموقف

Saadia wrote the first systematic work of Jewish philosophy, in Arabic and in the manner of the Muslim kalam, above all of the Mutazilites. He named four sources of knowledge: sense perception, the self-evident truths of reason, necessary inference and reliable tradition, chiefly revelation. Reason and revelation teach the same truths; revelation gives them quickly and surely to all. Against the Aristotelian doctrine of an eternal world he offered four proofs that the world was created from nothing, and he defended God’s unity and human free will. He also fought the Karaites, who rejected rabbinic tradition. Judah Halevi and Maimonides built on or argued with his work.

الحياة والسياق

Saadia ben Joseph was born in 882 in the Fayyum region of Egypt. He left for Palestine and then Babylonia (Iraq), where in 921–922 he led the Babylonian side in a dispute over the Jewish calendar. In 928 the exilarch made him gaon (head) of the academy of Sura; after a bitter quarrel between them he was deposed for some years, then reinstated. He died in Baghdad in 942.

أعمال رئيسة أخرى

• Commentary on the Book of Creation (Sefer Yetzirah, 931)
• The Book of Beliefs and Opinions (Kitab al-amanat wa-l-iʿtiqadat, 933)
• Arabic translation of the Bible with commentary (Tafsir, early 10th century)

يرد في

• رحلة «من يقرّر ما يُعدّ معرفة؟» · المحطة 3 من 9