功利主义

简介

Mill first published the essay in three instalments in Fraser’s Magazine in 1861, and as a short book in 1863. Its five chapters answer common objections to the doctrine of Bentham and Mill’s father: that it is a “doctrine worthy only of swine”, that it is godless, or that no one can calculate consequences in advance. Mill’s reply introduces higher and lower pleasures, to be ranked by those who have experienced both. The fourth chapter contains a much-criticised “proof” that happiness is desirable because people in fact desire it, and the long final chapter connects justice with utility. It is often the first text on utilitarianism that students read.

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联系

承接了

• 道德与立法原理导论1789 · 杰里米·边沁

批评了

• 道德形而上学的奠基1785 · 伊曼努尔·康德

被承接于

• 伦理学方法1874 · 亨利·西季威克
• 饥荒、富裕与道德1972 · 彼得·辛格
• 功利主义：赞成与反对1973 · J. J. C. 斯马特

被批评于

• 伦理学原理1903 · G. E. 摩尔
• 正义论1971 · 约翰·罗尔斯
• 功利主义：赞成与反对1973 · J. J. C. 斯马特

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