功利主义：赞成与反对

简介

The book, published by Cambridge University Press in 1973, puts two long essays side by side. J. J. C. Smart’s “An Outline of a System of Utilitarian Ethics”, first published in 1961 and revised for the volume, defends act utilitarianism: the right act is the one with the best consequences, and keeping to a rule when breaking it would do more good amounts to “rule worship”. Bernard Williams’s “A Critique of Utilitarianism” argues that this view cannot make sense of personal integrity, because it treats a person’s own projects and commitments as mere inputs into a calculation of overall welfare, and because it makes us as responsible for what others do as for what we do ourselves.

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