伦理学（以几何学顺序证明）

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作品 · 理性主义

伦理学（以几何学顺序证明）

1677 · 作者：巴鲁赫·斯宾诺莎

定义、公理、命题：上帝即自然，以及通往自由之路。

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简介

Spinoza worked on the Ethics from the early 1660s and finished it around 1675, but did not dare to publish it. It appeared in Latin after his death in 1677 in his “Posthumous Works”, with only his initials on the title page. Its five parts treat God, the nature of the mind, the emotions, human bondage to the emotions and the freedom that reason brings. Each part proceeds like Euclid from definitions and axioms to propositions with proofs, but the many scholia, explanatory notes, contain much of the argument in ordinary prose. The phrase “God or Nature” appears in Part IV. In the 1780s the book became the centre of the pantheism controversy in Germany.