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Etyka

1677 · autorstwa: Baruch Spinoza

Definicje, aksjomaty, twierdzenia: Bóg, czyli Natura, i droga do wolności.

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Spinoza worked on the Ethics from the early 1660s and finished it around 1675, but did not dare to publish it. It appeared in Latin after his death in 1677 in his “Posthumous Works”, with only his initials on the title page. Its five parts treat God, the nature of the mind, the emotions, human bondage to the emotions and the freedom that reason brings. Each part proceeds like Euclid from definitions and axioms to propositions with proofs, but the many scholia, explanatory notes, contain much of the argument in ordinary prose. The phrase “God or Nature” appears in Part IV. In the 1780s the book became the centre of the pantheism controversy in Germany.

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