哈迪·萨卜泽瓦里
萨卜泽瓦里与毛拉·萨德拉一样认为，事物中真实的是存在而非本质，存在是同一个实在，有从真主到物质的许多强度等级；以诗体讲授的哲学必须通过苦修和内心的净化来完成。
定位
来自呼罗珊萨卜泽瓦尔的哲学家、神秘主义者和诗人（笔名阿斯拉尔，意为“奥秘”），曾在伊斯法罕研习毛拉·萨德拉的哲学，并在家乡执教数十年：他关于逻辑和哲学的教学诗及其自注（1845年完成）概括了萨德拉关于存在的首要性与等级性的学说，至今仍在伊朗的宗教学院中研读；应纳赛尔丁·沙之请，他用波斯文写了《智慧的奥秘》。
核心思想
- 存在先于本质
- 存在是有许多等级的同一实在
- 以诗体教授哲学
- 苦修是哲学生活的一部分
影响
受影响于 2
伊本·西那（阿维森纳）
受其影响
Sabzawari wrote marginal notes on the metaphysics of Ibn Sina’s Healing, printed with those of Mulla Sadra and Mir Damad. Ibn Sina, al-Shifāʾ, al-Ilāhiyyāt, with marginal notes by Mulla Sadra, Mir Damad, Khwansari, Sabzawari and others, ed. H. Naji Isfahani (Tehran 2004)
依据: AI 草稿
伊本·西那（阿维森纳） › 980–1037
毛拉·萨德拉
受其影响
Sabzawari wrote glosses on Mulla Sadra’s Four Journeys, and his Commentary on the Versified Treatise (1845) sums up Sadra’s doctrines of the primacy and gradation of being; with Ali Nuri he established Sadra as the master philosopher of Iran. SEP “Mulla Sadra” (S. Rizvi); S. H. Nasr, “Hādi Sabzavāri”, Encyclopaedia Iranica
依据: AI 草稿
毛拉·萨德拉 › 约1572–1640年
影响了 1
穆罕默德·伊克巴尔
影响了
In his doctoral thesis The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (1908) Iqbal presented Sabzawari’s Secrets of Wisdom – the Real as light, the shadow and the not-real as darkness – as recent Persian speculation, though he dated him to the eighteenth century. M. Iqbal, The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (1908), part II
依据: AI 草稿
穆罕默德·伊克巴尔 › 1877–1938
作品
立场
Sabzawari is on the map as the philosopher who made Mulla Sadra the master thinker of Iranian philosophy in the nineteenth century. His didactic poem on logic and philosophy, with his own commentary completed in 1845 (Sharḥ-i Manẓūma), sets out Sadra’s system in rhymed Arabic verse: the primacy of existence over essence, existence as one reality with grades of intensity from God to matter, substantial motion, the soul and its return to God. Short enough to memorise and dense enough to need a teacher, it became and has remained the basic textbook of philosophy in Iranian seminaries and has been commented on many times; Toshihiko Izutsu and Mehdi Mohaghegh edited and translated its metaphysics. Sabzawari also wrote glosses on Sadra’s Four Journeys and on Ibn Sina’s Healing, a commentary on difficult verses of Rumi’s Masnavi, and mystical poems under the pen name Asrār, “secrets”; he held that philosophy must be completed by asceticism and inner purification. At the request of Nasir al-Din Shah he wrote the Persian Secrets of Wisdom (Asrār al-ḥikam). In 1908 Muhammad Iqbal presented its doctrine of light, shadow and darkness in The Development of Metaphysics in Persia as a sign that philosophy was still alive in Iran, though he dated him wrongly to the eighteenth century. Through his students and their students, Sadra’s philosophy reached the scholars of Qom and Tehran in the twentieth century.
生平与背景
Mulla Hadi Sabzawari was born in 1797 in Sabzevar in Khorasan into a family of land-owning merchants. After his father’s early death he was brought up by a cousin, who took him at ten to Mashhad. He then went to Isfahan, still the centre of philosophy in Iran, and studied for some eight years with Mulla ʿAli Nuri and Mulla Ismaʿil Isfahani, the leading teachers of Mulla Sadra’s philosophy, concentrating on the Four Journeys and The Divine Witnesses. After teaching in Mashhad and a pilgrimage to Mecca (1832–33) he settled in Sabzevar, where he taught philosophy for the rest of his life in a madrasa that drew students from all over Iran. The orientalist Edward Browne reported that he secretly left money in the rooms of needy students. Nasir al-Din Shah visited him on a journey to Mashhad. He died in Sabzevar in 1873.
其他主要作品
- Commentary on the Versified Treatise (Sharḥ-i Manẓūma: Ghurar al-farāʾid and al-Laʾālī al-muntaẓama, 1845)
- Secrets of Wisdom (Asrār al-ḥikam)
- Glosses on Mulla Sadra’s Four Journeys (al-Asfār)
- Commentary on difficult verses of Rumi’s Masnavi
- Collected poems (Dīwān-i Asrār)
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