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马可·奥勒留

121–180

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

每天省察自己，毫无怨言地尽自己的本分，并记住你属于所有理性存在者所组成的同一个共同体。

定位

希腊化时期、罗马与古代晚期哲学 · 南欧 · 伦理学, 存在与自我

哲学家皇帝：他的《沉思录》是斯多葛式的心灵修炼。

核心思想

  • 自省
  • 世界主义

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 赫拉克利特

    受其影响

    Marcus Aurelius cited Heraclitus on the cycle of the elements and on sleepers as co-workers in the world, and pictured time as a river (Meditations IV.43, IV.46, VI.42). Marcus Aurelius, Meditations IV.43, IV.46, VI.42; SEP “Heraclitus”

    依据: AI 草稿

    赫拉克利特 › 约公元前535—前475年年

  • 爱比克泰德

    受其影响

    Marcus Aurelius thanked Junius Rusticus for giving him Epictetus’ discourses and took up his distinction between what is and is not up to us (Meditations I.7). Marcus Aurelius, Meditations I.7, IV.41; P. Hadot, La citadelle intérieure (1992); SEP “Marcus Aurelius”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    爱比克泰德 › 约50–135年

影响了 1

  • 沙夫茨伯里

    影响了

    Shaftesbury’s private notebooks, the Askêmata (1698–1704), are, like Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations, reminders of principles and exhortations to live by them, full of quotations from Marcus. Shaftesbury, Askêmata, ed. B. Rand as Philosophical Regimen (1900); Standard Edition II.6, ed. W. Benda et al. (2011); SEP “Lord Shaftesbury”

    依据: AI 草稿

    沙夫茨伯里 › 1671–1713

作品

  • 约175年沉思录

    一位皇帝的私人斯多葛式笔记，写于军营之中。

立场

Marcus Aurelius wrote his Meditations – notes “to himself” in Greek – as a private spiritual exercise, never meant for publication. Again and again he reminds himself that everything is transient, that the cosmos is a rational whole and that each person has a place in it to fill with duty, justice and kindness. Disturbance comes from our judgements, not from things; obstacles can become material for virtue. What makes the book so moving is the tension between the most powerful man in the world and his daily effort to remain humble, patient and fair. It remains one of the most widely read works of ancient philosophy.

生平与背景

Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 CE. Adopted into the ruling family as a youth, he was educated by the leading teachers of his time, among them the Stoic Junius Rusticus, who introduced him to the teachings of Epictetus. Much of his reign was spent on military campaigns along the Danube, during which he died.

其他主要作品

  • Meditations (c. 170–180 CE)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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