ماركوس أوريليوس
افحص نفسك كل يوم، وأدِّ واجبك دون شكوى، وتذكّر أنك تنتمي إلى جماعة واحدة تضم كل الكائنات العاقلة.
التموضع
الإمبراطور الفيلسوف: «التأملات» تمارين رواقية للنفس.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- محاسبة النفس
- النزعة الكونية
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 2
هرقليطس
تأثّر بـ
Marcus Aurelius cited Heraclitus on the cycle of the elements and on sleepers as co-workers in the world, and pictured time as a river (Meditations IV.43, IV.46, VI.42). Marcus Aurelius, Meditations IV.43, IV.46, VI.42; SEP “Heraclitus”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
هرقليطس › نحو 535–475 ق.م
إبكتيتوس
تأثّر بـ
Marcus Aurelius thanked Junius Rusticus for giving him Epictetus’ discourses and took up his distinction between what is and is not up to us (Meditations I.7). Marcus Aurelius, Meditations I.7, IV.41; P. Hadot, La citadelle intérieure (1992); SEP “Marcus Aurelius”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في InPhO · InPhO
إبكتيتوس › نحو 50–135
أثّر في 1
أنتوني آشلي كوبر (شافتسبري)
أثّر في
Shaftesbury’s private notebooks, the Askêmata (1698–1704), are, like Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations, reminders of principles and exhortations to live by them, full of quotations from Marcus. Shaftesbury, Askêmata, ed. B. Rand as Philosophical Regimen (1900); Standard Edition II.6, ed. W. Benda et al. (2011); SEP “Lord Shaftesbury”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أنتوني آشلي كوبر (شافتسبري) › 1671–1713
الأعمال
- نحو 175التأملات
مدوَّنات رواقية خاصة لإمبراطور، كُتبت في معسكر الميدان.
الموقف
Marcus Aurelius wrote his Meditations – notes “to himself” in Greek – as a private spiritual exercise, never meant for publication. Again and again he reminds himself that everything is transient, that the cosmos is a rational whole and that each person has a place in it to fill with duty, justice and kindness. Disturbance comes from our judgements, not from things; obstacles can become material for virtue. What makes the book so moving is the tension between the most powerful man in the world and his daily effort to remain humble, patient and fair. It remains one of the most widely read works of ancient philosophy.
الحياة والسياق
Marcus Aurelius was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 CE. Adopted into the ruling family as a youth, he was educated by the leading teachers of his time, among them the Stoic Junius Rusticus, who introduced him to the teachings of Epictetus. Much of his reign was spent on military campaigns along the Danube, during which he died.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- Meditations (c. 170–180 CE)
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