大雄（筏驮摩那）

Agora

大雄（筏驮摩那）

约公元前500—前425年年 · 相传公元前599—前527年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

每一个生命都有灵魂，所以不伤害任何生命是最高的义务——而严格的自律使灵魂摆脱束缚它的东西。

定位

南亚与藏传哲学 · 南亚 · 伦理学, 形而上学, 宗教

耆那教的第24位祭渡者（Tirthankara），是佛陀较年长的同时代人：通过非暴力、诚实和严格的苦行，使灵魂摆脱业物质而获得解脱。

核心思想

不害（ahimsa，非暴力）
灵魂（jiva）被业物质所束缚
实在的多面性（不定论，anekantavada）

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批评

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乔达摩·悉达多（佛陀）

受其批评
In the Pali Canon the Buddha rejects the Jain teaching of Nigantha Nataputta (Mahavira) that past karma is burnt off by austerities, putting intention first. Majjhima Nikāya 14 (Cūḷadukkhakkhandha), 56 (Upāli), 101 (Devadaha)
依据: AI 草稿
乔达摩·悉达多（佛陀） › 约公元前480—前400年年 · 通行断代公元前563—前483年

作品

约公元前400年年行仪经（Acaranga Sutra）
耆那教经典中最古老的文本，作为大雄的教导流传，由其追随者编成：不伤害任何生命、连最微小的生物也不伤害的僧人行为。

立场

For Jains Mahavira was not a founder but the twenty-fourth and last “ford-maker” (Tirthankara) of the present age, renewing the teaching of his predecessor Parshva. Every living being has a soul (jiva) – humans and animals, but also plants and even particles of earth and water. Actions draw fine karmic matter into the soul and weigh it down; through non-violence, truthfulness, not stealing, chastity and non-possession, and through austerities, the soul sheds this matter and rises to liberation. Mahavira rejected Vedic sacrifice and a creator God. The doctrine of many-sidedness (anekantavada) was worked out by later Jain philosophers. Through his friend Raychandbhai, Jain ethics also left its mark on Gandhi.

生平与背景

Vardhamana, later called Mahavira (“great hero”), was born into a Kshatriya clan near Vaishali; Buddhist texts know him as Nigantha Nataputta. Jain tradition dates his life 599–527 BCE; historians who follow the later dating of the Buddha, whose elder contemporary he was, place him about a century later. At about thirty he left home, lived some twelve years as an ascetic, attained omniscience (kevala jnana) and taught for about thirty years until his death at Pava.