达维·科佩纳瓦

作品

• 2010天空的坠落：一位亚诺玛米萨满的话语

  一位亚诺玛米萨满的生平和宇宙论，用亚诺玛米语录音，由布鲁斯·阿尔贝用法语写成：森林的神灵、随白人而来的瘟疫和淘金潮，以及白人毁灭森林将使天空坠落的警告。

立场

Kopenawa is on the map for “The Falling Sky”, an extensive account of an Amazonian philosophy given by one of its own thinkers. The book was spoken in Yanomami and written in French by Bruce Albert, who calls it a life story, an autoethnography and a cosmological manifesto; how words pass between a shaman’s speech and a European book is itself part of its subject. The forest, urihi, is alive and held together by the xapiri, spirits whom shamans call and dance with in visions; the sky has fallen once before, and it can fall again if the shamans die and the forest is destroyed. The whites appear as the “people of merchandise”, who never stop wanting goods, dig up the metals that the creator Omama had hidden underground and release an epidemic smoke, xawara. Their knowledge, fixed on “paper skins”, is set against shamanic knowledge gained in dreams and visions. Eduardo Viveiros de Castro compared the book with Lévi-Strauss’s “Tristes Tropiques”, and it has become a key text in debates on the Anthropocene, on cosmopolitics and on Indigenous philosophy in Brazil. No documented links yet connect Kopenawa with others on the map.

生平与背景

Davi Kopenawa was born around 1956 at Marakana, a Yanomami community on the upper Toototobi river in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, near the border with Venezuela. In childhood Kopenawa saw epidemics brought by government agents and missionaries kill many people of the community, members of Kopenawa’s family among them. Kopenawa learned Portuguese at a mission station, worked in the 1970s as an interpreter for FUNAI, the national Indian agency, and settled in the region of the Demini river, where Kopenawa was initiated as a shaman. In the late 1980s, when tens of thousands of gold miners invaded Yanomami land, Kopenawa travelled to Brasília, Europe and the United States to speak for the Yanomami; in 1988 Kopenawa received the Global 500 award of the United Nations Environment Programme, and in 1992 the Yanomami Indigenous Territory was officially demarcated. In 2004 Kopenawa co-founded the Hutukara Yanomami Association and became its president. Over many years Kopenawa recorded conversations in Yanomami with the French anthropologist Bruce Albert, who had worked with the Yanomami since 1975; the result appeared in 2010 as “La chute du ciel”. In 2019 Kopenawa and Hutukara received the Right Livelihood Award.

其他主要作品

• Yanomami: The Spirit of the Forest (Yanomami. L’esprit de la forêt, with Bruce Albert, exhibition catalogue, 2003)
• The Falling Sky: Words of a Yanomami Shaman (La chute du ciel. Paroles d’un chaman yanomami, with Bruce Albert, 2010; English 2013)
• The Fall of the Sky (A queda do céu, Portuguese edition with a preface by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, 2015)