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史蒂夫·比科

1946–1977

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

解放始于心灵：黑人必须首先从压迫植入他们心中的自卑感中解放自己。

定位

非洲与非洲裔哲学 · 撒哈拉以南非洲 · 政治与法, 存在与自我, 社会与历史

种族隔离时代南非黑人意识运动的主要人物，在警方羁押中被杀害：解放始于使被压迫者的心灵摆脱自卑。

核心思想

  • 黑人意识
  • 心理解放
  • 对白人自由主义的批判

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影响

受影响于 3

  • 格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔

    受其影响

    In “White Racism and Black Consciousness” (1971) Biko framed Black Consciousness with what he called “the Hegelian theory of dialectic materialism”: white racism is the thesis, a solid Black unity the antithesis, and a true humanity without racism the synthesis. S. Biko, “White Racism and Black Consciousness” (1971), in I Write What I Like (1978)

    依据: AI 草稿

    格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔 › 1770–1831

  • 保罗·弗莱雷

    受其影响

    Biko and the South African Students’ Organisation used Freire’s conscientisation in literacy and community projects of the early 1970s to build Black self-reliance. L. Hadfield, Liberation and Development: Black Consciousness Community Programs in South Africa (2016); S. Biko, I Write What I Like (1978); P. Freire, Pedagogia do oprimido (1968)

    依据: AI 草稿

    保罗·弗莱雷 › 1921–1997

  • 弗朗茨·法农

    受其影响

    Biko drew on Fanon’s analysis of colonised consciousness for Black Consciousness, holding that the oppressed must first free their own minds (I Write What I Like, 1978). S. Biko, I Write What I Like (1978); F. Fanon, Peau noire, masques blancs (1952); L. R. Gordon, What Fanon Said (2015)

    依据: AI 草稿

    弗朗茨·法农 › 1925–1961

作品

  • 1978我写我所喜欢的

    身后出版的文集：黑人意识是被压迫者摆脱自卑感的自我解放。

立场

Biko argued that the most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed. Apartheid had taught Black people to see themselves as inferior; liberation therefore had to begin with psychological self-liberation, pride and solidarity. “Black” was a political term for all the oppressed, including Indian and Coloured South Africans. He criticised white liberals who claimed to lead the struggle and offered integration on white terms: Black people had to organise themselves. Drawing on Fanon, Black theology and Freire’s literacy methods, Black Consciousness inspired the student generation of the 1976 Soweto uprising. Critics in the non-racial tradition questioned its exclusion of white allies.

生平与背景

Stephen Bantu Biko was born in 1946 in King William’s Town in the Eastern Cape. While studying medicine at the University of Natal he broke with the white-led student union and in 1968 co-founded the South African Students’ Organisation. In 1973 the apartheid state banned him and restricted him to his home town. Arrested in August 1977, he was beaten in police custody and died that September.

其他主要作品

  • White Racism and Black Consciousness (1971)
  • Black Consciousness and the Quest for a True Humanity (1973)
  • I Write What I Like (1978, posthumous)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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