Swami Wiwekananda
To, co boskie, jest w każdym człowieku, więc służyć innym to służyć Bogu – a wszystkie religie są drogami do tej samej prawdy.
Umiejscowienie
Mnich, który w 1893 roku w Chicago przedstawił Zachodowi wedantę: „praktyczna wedanta” służby oraz harmonia wszystkich religii.
Kluczowe idee
- Praktyczna wedanta
- Harmonia religii
- Raja joga
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 2
Patańdźali
pod wpływem
Vivekananda’s Raja Yoga (1896) translated and commented on Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra, presenting it as an experimental science of the mind. Swami Vivekananda, Raja Yoga (1896); E. De Michelis, A History of Modern Yoga (2004)
Źródło: szkic AI
Patańdźali › ok. 325–400
Adi Śankara
pod wpływem
Vivekananda placed Shankara’s Advaita at the summit of Hinduism and turned it into a ‘practical Vedanta’ of service to others (lectures in London, 1896). Swami Vivekananda, Practical Vedanta (lectures, London 1896); A. Rambachan, The Limits of Scripture (1994)
Źródło: szkic AI
Adi Śankara › ok. 700–750 · datowane umownie 788–820
Wpływ na 1
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
wpływ na
Radhakrishnan recalled how students passed round Vivekananda’s speeches and letters, stirring pride in Indian culture; he carried on Vivekananda’s presentation of Vedanta as a universal religion. R. N. Minor, Radhakrishnan: A Religious Biography (1987); IEP “Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan”
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Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan › 1888–1975
Krytyka
Krytyka ze strony 1
William James
krytyka ze strony
In Pragmatism (1907) James quoted Vivekananda, “the paragon of Vedantist missionaries”, as the voice of absolute monism – emotionally reassuring, but rejected for his pluralism; the Varieties (1902) cite his Raja Yoga on mystical states. W. James, Pragmatism (1907), Lecture IV “The One and the Many”; The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902), Lectures XVI–XVII
Źródło: szkic AI
William James › 1842–1910
Dzieła
- 1896Raja Yoga
Wykłady nowojorskie z tłumaczeniem Jogasutr Patańdźalego: joga jako nauka o umyśle otwarta dla wszystkich.
Stanowisko
Vivekananda presented Hinduism to the West as a universal, rational religion with Advaita Vedanta at its summit. All religions, he taught following Ramakrishna, are paths to the same truth; the soul is divine, and the task of life is to manifest that divinity. His “practical Vedanta” turned non-dualism into an ethic of service: to serve the poor is to worship God. He described four yogas – of work, devotion, knowledge and meditation – and in Raja Yoga read Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra as a science of the mind, shaping modern yoga. Scholars debate how far he reshaped the tradition and set a spiritual East against a material West; Hindu nationalists later claimed him.
Życie i kontekst
Narendranath Datta was born in 1863 in Calcutta and studied Western philosophy there. In 1881 he met the mystic Ramakrishna, became his disciple and, after his master’s death, took monastic vows as Swami Vivekananda. Having wandered across India, he spoke at the Parliament of the World’s Religions in Chicago in 1893 and taught in America and England. In 1897 he founded the Ramakrishna Mission. He died in 1902.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Addresses at the Parliament of Religions (1893)
- Karma Yoga (1896)
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