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Michael Sandel

ur. 1953

Pierwsze przybliżeniecelowe uproszczenie – portret mówi więcej

Nie jesteśmy nieobciążonymi jednostkami, lecz członkami wspólnot, a niektóre rzeczy – jak życie obywatelskie, godność i nasze dzieci – nie powinny być na sprzedaż.

Umiejscowienie

Filozofia polityczna i etyka (XX–XXI w.) · Ameryka Północna · Polityka i prawo, Etyka, Społeczeństwo i historia

Filozof polityczny z Harvardu, którego kurs „Justice” dotarł do milionów: nie jesteśmy „nieobciążonymi ja” wybierającymi za zasłoną niewiedzy, lecz członkami wspólnot – a niektóre dobra nie powinny być na sprzedaż.

Kluczowe idee

  • Krytyka nieobciążonego ja
  • Republikanizm obywatelski
  • Moralne granice rynków
  • Tyrania zasług

Nauczyciele: Charles Taylor

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Wpływ

Pod wpływem 2

  • Arystoteles

    pod wpływem

    Sandel drew on Aristotle’s teleological reasoning – justice as allocating goods by their purpose – to question liberal neutrality (Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?, 2009). M. J. Sandel, Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? (2009); The Case against Perfection (2007)

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Arystoteles › 384–322 p.n.e.

  • Charles Taylor nauczyciel(ka)

    nauczyciel(ka)

    Sandel studied at Balliol College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar and wrote his DPhil under Charles Taylor (1981); it grew into Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (1982). Berggruen Institute, laureate biography of M. Sandel; M. J. Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (1982)

    Źródło: także w InPhO · InPhO

    Charles Taylor › ur. 1931

Krytyka

Krytykuje 3

  • Immanuel Kant

    krytykuje

    Sandel criticised the Kantian self prior to its ends, the basis of deontological liberalism, as an ‘unencumbered self’ (‘The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self’, 1984). M. J. Sandel, “The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self”, Political Theory 12 (1984); Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (1982)

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Immanuel Kant › 1724–1804

  • Francis Galton

    krytykuje

    Sandel criticised Galton’s eugenics as a drive to mastery that ignores the giftedness of life, a problem inherited by ‘liberal eugenics’ (The Case against Perfection, 2007). M. J. Sandel, The Case against Perfection (2007), ch. 4 “Eugenics”

    Źródło: szkic AI

    Francis Galton › 1822–1911

  • John Rawls

    krytykuje

    Sandel argued that Rawls presupposes an ‘unencumbered self’ choosing its ends prior to attachments, which cannot account for community (Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, 1982). M. J. Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (1982; 2nd ed. 1998)

    Źródło: szkic AI

    John Rawls › 1921–2002

Dzieła

Stanowisko

“Liberalism and the Limits of Justice” made Sandel a leading critic of Rawls and is counted among the founding texts of communitarianism, a label he himself has resisted. Rawls’s theory, he argued, presupposes an “unencumbered self” that chooses its ends from behind a veil of ignorance, prior to all attachments; but we are “encumbered” selves, partly constituted by the families, communities and traditions to which we belong, and some obligations – of solidarity and membership – are not chosen. Liberal neutrality towards conceptions of the good life is therefore neither possible nor desirable: questions of justice cannot be settled without arguing about what is worth honouring. “Democracy’s Discontent” defended the civic republican tradition of self-government against a merely procedural liberalism. Later books bring this to public life: “The Case against Perfection” argues against genetic enhancement in the name of the “giftedness” of life, “What Money Can’t Buy” warns that markets corrupt goods such as education, health and citizenship, and “The Tyranny of Merit” argues that meritocracy breeds hubris among the winners and humiliation among those left behind.

Życie i kontekst

Michael Sandel (born 1953 in Minneapolis) grew up there and in Los Angeles, studied politics at Brandeis University and went to Balliol College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar, where he wrote his doctorate under Charles Taylor. He has taught at Harvard since 1980 and is Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government. His lecture course “Justice” was the first Harvard course made freely available online and on television and has been watched by tens of millions of people around the world. He served on President George W. Bush’s Council on Bioethics, and he received the Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences in 2018 and the Berggruen Prize for Philosophy and Culture in 2025.

Dalsze główne dzieła

  • Democracy’s Discontent (1996)
  • The Case against Perfection (2007)
  • Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? (2009)
  • What Money Can’t Buy (2012)

Pojawia się w

Źródła: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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