फ़्रीडरिश श्लेगल
कविता को सब रूपों को मिलाना चाहिए और कभी पूरी नहीं होनी चाहिए, और विडंबना मन को उसकी अपनी रचनाओं के ऊपर स्वतंत्र तैरने देती है।
पृष्ठभूमि
आरंभिक रूमानीवाद के सिद्धांतकार: रूमानी काव्य “प्रगतिशील सार्वभौम काव्य” है, और विडंबना मन की अपनी कृतियों से ऊपर की स्वतंत्रता।
मुख्य विचार
- रूमानी विडंबना
- प्रगतिशील सार्वभौम काव्य
- अंश-विधा
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
इमानुएल कांट
जिनसे प्रभावित
In his Essay on the Concept of Republicanism (1796) Schlegel took up Kant’s Toward Perpetual Peace (1795) but argued, against Kant, that republicanism is necessarily democratic. F. Schlegel, Versuch über den Begriff des Republikanismus (1796); I. Kant, Zum ewigen Frieden (1795); SEP “Friedrich Schlegel”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
इमानुएल कांट › 1724–1804
योहान गॉटफ़्रीड हेर्डर
जिनसे प्रभावित
Schlegel reviewed the seventh and eighth collections of Herder’s Letters for the Advancement of Humanity (1796), engaging with Herder’s historical view of ancient and modern poetry. F. Schlegel, review of J. G. Herder, Briefe zu Beförderung der Humanität, seventh and eighth collections (1796), in Kritische Friedrich-Schlegel-Ausgabe II; SEP “Friedrich Schlegel”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
योहान गॉटफ़्रीड हेर्डर › 1744–1803
योहान गॉटलीब फ़िशटे
जिनसे प्रभावित
Schlegel counted Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre, with the French Revolution and Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister, among the great ‘tendencies of the age’ (Athenaeum, 1798) and based his irony on Fichtean self-reflection. F. Schlegel, Athenaeum fragments (1798); SEP “Friedrich Schlegel”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
योहान गॉटलीब फ़िशटे › 1762–1814
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
नोवालिस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Novalis developed his fragments in ‘symphilosophy’ with Friedrich Schlegel, who published Pollen (1798) in the Athenaeum, and took up Schlegel’s programme of a romantic poetry. Novalis, Blüthenstaub, in Athenaeum I (1798); F. Schlegel, Athenaeum fragments (1798); SEP “Novalis”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
नोवालिस › 1772–1801
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 1
सोरेन किर्केगार्द
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In The Concept of Irony (1841) Kierkegaard criticised Schlegel’s romantic irony, exemplified by Lucinde, as an infinite negativity that dissolves ethical actuality into aesthetic play. S. Kierkegaard, Om Begrebet Ironi (1841), Part Two, on Friedrich Schlegel; SEP “Søren Kierkegaard”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
सोरेन किर्केगार्द › 1813–1855
कृतियाँ
- 1798आथेनेउम के अंश
रूमानी काव्य एक प्रगतिशील सार्वभौम काव्य है – और अंश को साही की तरह अपने आप में पूर्ण होना चाहिए।
मत
Schlegel was the leading theorist of early German Romanticism. Romantic poetry, he wrote, is a “progressive universal poetry”: always becoming and never complete, it mixes genres and joins poetry with philosophy and criticism. Its key attitude is irony – the mind’s power to create while rising above its own creations, aware that no finite work can contain the infinite. Hence his preference for the fragment, a thought that is both complete and open. Later he turned to Sanskrit and the culture of India, helping to found comparative linguistics, and to a Catholic philosophy of history. His ideas on irony and interpretation reach through Kierkegaard to modern literary theory.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Friedrich Schlegel was born in Hanover in 1772, the son of a pastor, and turned from law to the study of classical antiquity. In Jena and Berlin he formed the early Romantic circle with his brother August Wilhelm, Novalis, Tieck and Schleiermacher, and with his brother edited the journal Athenaeum. In 1808 he converted to Catholicism and entered Austrian service in Vienna. He died in Dresden in 1829.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- On the Study of Greek Poetry (1797)
- Critical (Lyceum) Fragments (1797)
- Athenaeum Fragments (1798)
- Dialogue on Poetry (1800)
- On the Language and Wisdom of the Indians (1808)
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