ख़ोसे मदीना
विशेषाधिकार लोगों को दूसरों के जीवन के प्रति सक्रिय रूप से अज्ञानी बना सकता है, और ज्ञान घर्षण से बढ़ता है – उन आवाज़ों से चुनौती पाकर जो हमारा प्रतिरोध करती हैं।
पृष्ठभूमि
नॉर्थवेस्टर्न के स्पेनी दार्शनिक, विट्गेंश्टाइन, डुई और आलोचनात्मक नस्ल-सिद्धांत के बीच: विशेषाधिकार “सक्रिय अज्ञान” को जन्म देता है, और ज्ञान प्रतिरोधी आवाज़ों के साथ “ज्ञानमीमांसीय घर्षण” से बढ़ता है।
मुख्य विचार
- सक्रिय अज्ञान
- ज्ञानमीमांसीय घर्षण
- मेटा-स्पष्टता
- प्रतिरोध की ज्ञानमीमांसा
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
जॉन डुई
जिनसे प्रभावित
Medina paired Dewey with Wittgenstein in a pragmatic contextualism in which agreement in meaning is achieved and contested in practice (2004; Speaking from Elsewhere, 2006). J. Medina, “In Defense of Pragmatic Contextualism: Wittgenstein and Dewey on Meaning and Agreement”, Philosophical Forum (2004); Speaking from Elsewhere (2006)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जॉन डुई › 1859–1952
लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Medina read Wittgenstein as a contextualist for whom meaning rests on shared practices (The Unity of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy, 2002), extending this to identity and agency (2006). J. Medina, The Unity of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy: Necessity, Intelligibility, and Normativity (2002); Speaking from Elsewhere (2006)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लुडविग विट्गेंश्टाइन › 1889–1951
मिशेल फूको
जिनसे प्रभावित
Following Foucault’s idea of counter-memory, Medina proposed a ‘guerrilla pluralism’ of resistant memories that create epistemic friction against official histories (The Epistemology of Resistance, 2013). J. Medina, “Toward a Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerrilla Pluralism”, Foucault Studies (2011); The Epistemology of Resistance (2013)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मिशेल फूको › 1926–1984
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 1
मिरांडा फ़्रिकर
जिनकी आलोचना की
Medina, largely agreeing with Fricker, objected that her ‘collective hermeneutical resource’ suggests a single pool, and argued for analysing plural interpretive communities (‘Polyphonic Contextualism’, 2012). J. Medina, “Hermeneutical Injustice and Polyphonic Contextualism”, Social Epistemology 26 (2012) 201–220; The Epistemology of Resistance (2013); M. Fricker, Epistemic Injustice (2007); Fricker’s reply: “How is Hermeneutical Injustice Related to ‘White Ignorance’?”, Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 2 (2013)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मिरांडा फ़्रिकर › जन्म 1966
मत
Medina’s early books read Wittgenstein as a contextualist thinker close to pragmatism: meaning rests on shared practices, and, as with Dewey, agreement in practices is achieved and contested rather than simply given. “Speaking from Elsewhere” extends this to identity and discursive agency: we always speak from social positions, and those who speak from the margins can reshape meanings. “The Epistemology of Resistance” develops a social epistemology of oppression. Privilege tends to produce “active ignorance” – not a mere lack of knowledge but a socially sustained inability to know, marked by epistemic vices such as arrogance, laziness and closed-mindedness – while the oppressed often develop virtues such as humility, curiosity and open-mindedness. Medina calls for “meta-lucidity”, an awareness of the limits of one’s own ways of seeing. Knowledge improves through “epistemic friction”, the encounter with perspectives that resist our own, and through what he calls, following Foucault’s idea of counter-memory, a “guerrilla pluralism”. Against Fricker he argues that hermeneutical injustice is not a single gap but a plural and uneven phenomenon that affects different publics differently. “The Epistemology of Protest” examines silencing and protest as forms of epistemic activism.
जीवन और संदर्भ
José Medina (born 1968) is a philosopher from Spain. He studied philosophy at the University of Seville and took his doctorate at Northwestern University in 1998. He taught at Saint Louis University and from 1999 to 2017 at Vanderbilt University, with a year as holder of a chair of excellence at the Universidad Carlos III in Madrid, and in 2017 returned to Northwestern, where he is Walter Dill Scott Professor of Philosophy. His work spans the philosophy of language, Wittgenstein and pragmatism, social epistemology and critical race, feminist and queer theory. “The Epistemology of Resistance” received the book award of the North American Society for Social Philosophy.
प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- The Unity of Wittgenstein’s Philosophy (2002)
- Language: Key Concepts in Philosophy (2005)
- Speaking from Elsewhere (2006)
- The Epistemology of Resistance (2013)
- The Epistemology of Protest (2023)
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