逻辑，或思维的艺术（波尔-罗亚尔逻辑）

简介

Arnauld and Pierre Nicole wrote the Logic, it is said, for the young Duc de Chevreuse; it appeared anonymously in Paris in 1662 and was revised until the fifth edition of 1683. Its four parts deal with ideas, judgements, reasoning and method. The authors take their theory of ideas from Descartes, their rules of method from his Discourse and from Pascal’s writing on the geometrical mind, and their syllogistic, simplified, from the scholastic tradition. Among its best-known doctrines is the distinction between the comprehension of a general idea and its extension; it also contains an early discussion of signs and of how to weigh the probability of events. As a textbook it was used in France and, in translation, in Britain into the nineteenth century.

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• 工具论约公元前350年年 · 亚里士多德
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