古斯塔夫·冯·施莫勒

作品

• 1879斯特拉斯堡的呢绒工与织工行会

  在斯特拉斯堡写成的经济史专著，研究呢绒工和织工的行会；《新德意志人物传记》（NDB）称其为施莫勒最重要的经济史专著。

• 1900普通国民经济学纲要

  施莫勒对经济学的系统阐述，分两部分（1900年、1904年），多次重印：对经济结构和制度的历史研究是其核心任务。

立场

Schmoller is on the map as the head of the Younger Historical School of economics. In 1872 he gave the programme speech at the Eisenach meeting of socially engaged scholars, the so-called socialists of the lectern; the Verein für Sozialpolitik that followed in 1873 became the leading association of German-speaking economists, and he chaired it from 1890 until his death. He held that the historical study of economic structures and institutions is the central task of economics, and he expected a state social policy to integrate workers into society. When Carl Menger demanded a deductive, abstract theory in 1883, Schmoller defended the priority of historical-empirical work in the Methodenstreit. His reputation fell as neoclassical theory advanced, but recent scholarship values his work on economic, legal and administrative history and sees in him a precursor of institutionalism. For the early Max Weber he was a mentor, and the Verein commissioned Weber’s survey of East Elbian rural labour; Werner Sombart took his doctorate with him. Durkheim’s survey of German moral science of 1887 is reported to discuss Schmoller’s work among those of the German ethical economists, a link that has not been checked in the text and is marked as disputed.

生平与背景

Gustav Schmoller was born on 28 June 1838 in Heilbronn and studied political science, philosophy and history in Tübingen from 1857 to 1861, where he took his doctorate in 1861 under Karl Schüz with a prize essay on economic views in Germany during the Reformation. He worked at the Württemberg Statistical Bureau under his brother-in-law Gustav Rümelin and became associate professor in Halle in 1864 and full professor in 1865. In 1872 he was called to Strasbourg (rector 1874–75) and in 1882 to Berlin (rector 1897–98), where he taught until 1913; he was ennobled in 1908 and sat in the Prussian Academy, the State Council and the House of Lords. He died on 27 June 1917 in Bad Harzburg.

其他主要作品

• The Strasbourg Guilds of Weavers and Tailors (Die Straßburger Tucher- und Weberzunft, 1879)
• Outline of General Economics (Grundriß der allgemeinen Volkswirtschaftslehre, 1900–04)
• Outlines and Studies on the Constitutional, Administrative and Economic History of the Prussian State in the 17th and 18th Centuries (Umrisse und Untersuchungen zur Verfassungs-, Verwaltungs- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte besonders des Preußischen Staates im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert, 1898)
• Political Economy, Economics and Their Method (Die Volkswirtschaft, die Volkswirtschaftslehre und ihre Methode, 1893)