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迦那陀

约公元前200—前130年年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

一切实在的东西都可以归入少数几个基本范畴，而物质事物由微小的、永恒的、不可分的原子构成。

定位

南亚与藏传哲学 · 南亚 · 形而上学, 科学

胜论派（Vaisheshika）的创始人：世界可以分析为若干范畴（句义，padartha），物质事物由不可分割的永恒原子构成。

核心思想

  • 原子论（paramanu，极微）
  • 实在的范畴（句义，padartha）
  • 殊异（vishesha）

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影响

影响了 2

  • 足目·乔达摩

    影响了

    The Nyaya-sutra presupposes much of the Vaisheshika ontology ascribed to Kanada, such as substances, qualities and atoms; dates and direction of influence are uncertain. B. K. Matilal, Nyaya-Vaisesika (1977); K. H. Potter (ed.), Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies II (1977)

    依据: AI 草稿

    足目·乔达摩 › 约120–190年

  • 乌陀衍那

    影响了

    Udayana commented on Prashastapada’s exposition of Kanada’s Vaisheshika in his Kiranavali and joined its categories with Nyaya logic in one system. Udayana, Kiranavali; K. H. Potter (ed.), Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies II (1977)

    依据: AI 草稿

    乌陀衍那 › 约950–1020年

作品

  • 约公元前150年年胜论经

    把实在分为若干范畴的箴言——实、德、业、同、异、和合——并把物质事物追溯到原子。

立场

Vaisheshika (“the school of distinctions”) is a realist analysis of everything knowable and nameable. Reality divides into six categories: substance, quality, motion, universal, particularity and inherence; later authors added absence. There are nine substances – earth, water, fire, air, ether, time, space, self and mind. Material things are built from eternal, partless atoms, a theory fully worked out in later commentaries such as Prashastapada’s; particularity (vishesha) is what ultimately distinguishes one atom or self from another. The sutra opens by defining dharma as that from which prosperity and the highest good arise; liberation comes through knowledge of the categories. Vaisheshika later merged with Nyaya, on which Udayana and Gangesha built.

生平与背景

Kanada (“atom-eater” or “grain-eater”), also called Kashyapa and Uluka, is the traditional author of the Vaisheshika Sutra; legend says he lived on grains gleaned from the fields. Nothing reliable is known of his life. The sutra itself is usually dated between the 2nd century BCE and the 1st century CE; it grew over time, and its oldest layers may be earlier.

其他主要作品

  • Vaisheshika Sutra (c. 2nd century BCE – 1st century CE, dates disputed)
  • Prashastapada, Compendium of the Properties of the Categories (Padarthadharmasamgraha, c. 6th century CE; the classic exposition of the school)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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