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伐致呵利

约450–510年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

没有语言就没有思想，而意义是一下子作为整体被把握的，而不是一个词一个词地积累起来的。

定位

南亚与藏传哲学 · 南亚 · 语言, 形而上学, 认识论

语法学家兼哲学家：没有任何认知不与语言交织在一起；终极实在是词梵（shabdabrahman），而意义是整体地闪现出来的（常声，sphota）。

核心思想

  • 词梵（shabdabrahman，作为绝对者的词）
  • 常声（sphota）
  • 认知浸透着语言

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影响

影响了 2

  • 陈那

    影响了

    Dignaga reworked verses of Bhartrhari’s Vakyapadiya in his Examination of the Three Times and engaged his philosophy of language in developing the theory of exclusion (apoha). E. Frauwallner, “Dignaga, sein Werk und seine Entwicklung”, WZKSO 3 (1959); R. P. Hayes, Dignaga on the Interpretation of Signs (1988)

    依据: AI 草稿

    陈那 › 约480–540年

  • 新护

    影响了

    Abhinavagupta, following Utpaladeva, adopted Bhartrhari’s view that awareness is inwardly permeated by language and made supreme speech an aspect of consciousness itself. R. Torella, “From an Adversary to the Main Ally: The Place of Bhartrhari in the Kashmirian Shaiva Advaita” (2009); Abhinavagupta, Isvarapratyabhijnavimarsini

    依据: AI 草稿

    新护 › 约950–1016年

批评

受批评于 1

  • 鸠摩利罗·跋陀

    受其批评

    Kumarila rejected Bhartrhari’s sphota, a partless word-whole beyond the sounds, holding that the sequence of phonemes itself conveys meaning (Shlokavarttika, Sphotavada). Kumārila, Ślokavārttika, Sphoṭavāda; H. Coward & K. K. Raja (eds.), Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies V, 1990

    依据: AI 草稿

    鸠摩利罗·跋陀 › 约590–650年

作品

  • 约490年句词论（Vakyapadiya）

    论句子与词：意义是作为不可分的整体被把握的，而一切认知都与语言交织在一起。

立场

In the Vakyapadiya (“On Sentence and Word”) Bhartrhari turned grammar into philosophy. The ultimate reality is the Word-principle (shabdabrahman), without beginning or end, from which the world appears to unfold. No cognition occurs without language: all knowing is, as it were, shot through with words. Meaning is not assembled from sounds or words; it flashes forth as an indivisible whole (sphota), manifested by the sounds. The sentence, not the word, is the primary unit of meaning, grasped in a sudden insight (pratibha). Dignaga engaged with his ideas; Kumarila Bhatta attacked the sphota theory; and the Kashmiri Shaivism of Abhinavagupta absorbed his view of consciousness as inwardly linguistic.

生平与背景

Bhartrhari, grammarian and philosopher of language, probably lived in the 5th century CE, since the Buddhist Dignaga already quotes him. The Chinese pilgrim Yijing mentions a grammarian of this name who died around 650, which long led to a later dating. Later tradition names Vasurata as his teacher and identifies him with the poet of the “Three Centuries” of verses – an identity many scholars doubt.

其他主要作品

  • Commentary on Patanjali’s Great Commentary (Mahabhashyadipika, 5th century CE, fragmentary)
  • The Three Centuries (Shatakatraya; attribution to the same author doubtful)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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