Roger Bacon
Wiedza o przyrodzie musi opierać się na eksperymencie i matematyce, a nie tylko na księgach – a uczeni powinni czytać teksty w językach oryginalnych.
Umiejscowienie
Franciszkański „Doctor mirabilis”: wiedza o przyrodzie musi opierać się na matematyce, optyce i doświadczeniu – a uczeni powinni uczyć się języków oryginalnych.
Kluczowe idee
- Nauka doświadczalna (scientia experimentalis)
- Matematyka jako klucz do nauk
- Optyka
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 4
Arystoteles
pod wpływem
Bacon was among the first masters to lecture on Aristotle’s natural philosophy and Metaphysics at Paris in the 1240s; his question commentaries from these years survive. Roger Bacon, Quaestiones supra libros Physicorum; Quaestiones supra Metaphysicam (Opera hactenus inedita); SEP “Roger Bacon”
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Arystoteles › 384–322 p.n.e.
Ibn al-Hajsam
pod wpływem
Roger Bacon based the theory of vision in the Perspectiva of his Opus maius (1267) largely on Ibn al-Haytham’s Optics in its Latin translation, De aspectibus. Roger Bacon, Opus maius, part V (1267); D. C. Lindberg, Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler (1976); SEP “Roger Bacon”
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Ibn al-Hajsam › ok. 965–1040
Awicenna
pod wpływem
Bacon ranked Avicenna highest among Aristotle’s followers and, with him, held the agent intellect to be separate from the soul – for Bacon, God himself (Opus maius, 1267). Roger Bacon, Opus maius (1267); É. Gilson, ‘Les sources gréco-arabes de l’augustinisme avicennisant’, AHDLMA 4 (1929); SEP “Roger Bacon”
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Awicenna › 980–1037
Awerroes
pod wpływem
Bacon used Averroes’ commentaries in his Paris lectures on Aristotle in the 1240s and cited him as an authority in the Opus maius (1267). Roger Bacon, Quaestiones supra libros Physicorum; Opus maius (1267); SEP “Roger Bacon”
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Awerroes › 1126–1198
Dzieła
- 1267Opus maius
Encyklopedyczny apel do papieża o języki, matematykę, optykę i naukę doświadczalną.
Stanowisko
Bacon named four causes of human ignorance: unworthy authority, long custom, popular opinion and the concealing of one’s ignorance behind a show of wisdom. As remedies he urged the study of Greek, Hebrew and Arabic, so that scholars could read their sources in the original; mathematics, which he called the gate and key of the sciences; optics, the science of light and vision; and an “experimental science” that tests conclusions against experience and discovers new truths. All this was to serve Christian wisdom. Later centuries made him a legendary magician and a forerunner of modern science – both images exaggerate, yet his program was remarkable.
Życie i kontekst
Roger Bacon was born in England around 1219 and studied at Oxford and Paris, where in the 1240s he was among the first to lecture on Aristotle’s writings on nature. Around 1257 he became a Franciscan. In 1267, at the request of Pope Clement IV, he sent him his major works. A later, uncertain report says his order confined him. He died around 1292, probably in Oxford.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Opus Majus (1267)
- Opus Minus (1267)
- Opus Tertium (1267)
- Compendium of the Study of Philosophy (c. 1271)
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