क्रिस्टी डॉट्सन
चुप कराना केवल न सुनना नहीं है: जब श्रोता सुनने को अनिच्छुक या असमर्थ होते हैं, तो वक्ता अपनी बात काट देना सीख जाते हैं – और जानने के पूरे ढंग बाहर कर दिए जाते हैं।
पृष्ठभूमि
मिशिगन विश्वविद्यालय की अश्वेत नारीवादी ज्ञानमीमांसक: मौन करना केवल न सुनने से नहीं (“साक्ष्यात्मक चुप कराना”) बल्कि वक्ताओं को अपनी गवाही स्वयं काट देने पर मजबूर करने से भी होता है (“साक्ष्यात्मक दम घोंटना”); कुछ ज्ञानमीमांसीय उत्पीड़न ज्ञान-प्रणालियों में ही निहित है।
मुख्य विचार
- साक्ष्यात्मक चुप कराना और दम घोंटना
- योगदान संबंधी अन्याय
- अन्यूनीय ज्ञानमीमांसीय उत्पीड़न
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 2
गायत्री चक्रवर्ती स्पीवाक
जिनसे प्रभावित
Dotson took the term ‘epistemic violence’ from Spivak’s ‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’ (1988) and analysed it as a failure of audiences to take up speakers’ testimony (2011). K. Dotson, “Tracking Epistemic Violence, Tracking Practices of Silencing”, Hypatia 26 (2011); G. C. Spivak, “Can the Subaltern Speak?”, in C. Nelson and L. Grossberg (eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (1988)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गायत्री चक्रवर्ती स्पीवाक › जन्म 1942
पैट्रिशिया हिल कॉलिन्स
जिनसे प्रभावित
Dotson illustrated ‘testimonial quieting’ with Collins’s analysis of controlling images that deny Black women the standing of knowers (‘Tracking Epistemic Violence, Tracking Practices of Silencing’, 2011). K. Dotson, “Tracking Epistemic Violence, Tracking Practices of Silencing”, Hypatia 26 (2011); P. H. Collins, Black Feminist Thought (1990)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
पैट्रिशिया हिल कॉलिन्स › जन्म 1948
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 1
मिरांडा फ़्रिकर
जिनकी आलोचना की
Dotson argued that Fricker’s two forms of epistemic injustice miss ‘contributory injustice’: marginalised groups have interpretive resources, but dominant knowers wilfully ignore them (‘A Cautionary Tale’, 2012). K. Dotson, “A Cautionary Tale: On Limiting Epistemic Oppression”, Frontiers 33 (2012), 24–47; “Conceptualizing Epistemic Oppression”, Social Epistemology 28 (2014); M. Fricker, Epistemic Injustice (2007)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मिरांडा फ़्रिकर › जन्म 1966
मत
“Tracking Epistemic Violence, Tracking Practices of Silencing” distinguishes two forms of testimonial silencing. “Testimonial quieting” occurs when an audience fails to recognise a speaker as a knower at all – as Patricia Hill Collins showed for the controlling images imposed on Black women. “Testimonial smothering” occurs when speakers, anticipating that their audience is unwilling or unable to take up what they say, truncate their own testimony; the silencing then works through the speaker’s self-censorship, but its source is the audience’s “pernicious ignorance”. The term “epistemic violence” she takes from Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Further papers widen Fricker’s account of epistemic injustice: “contributory injustice” occurs when marginalised groups do have concepts for their experience but dominant knowers wilfully refuse to take them up, and the deepest, “third-order” epistemic oppression is irreducible, because it is built into epistemological systems themselves and can only be addressed by changing them. In “How Is This Paper Philosophy?” she criticises a “culture of justification” in academic philosophy that requires work by diverse practitioners to prove its legitimacy against narrow standards.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Kristie Dotson came to philosophy late: she studied African American studies, business and English at Coe College and literature at the University of Illinois Chicago before taking her doctorate in philosophy at the University of Memphis in 2008. She taught at Michigan State University from 2008, latterly as professor of philosophy and of African American and African studies, and in 2021 moved to the University of Michigan, where she is University Diversity and Social Transformation Professor of Philosophy and of Afroamerican and African Studies. In 2023 she shared the Lebowitz Prize of the American Philosophical Association and Phi Beta Kappa with Susanna Siegel. Her work centres on Black feminist thought and epistemic oppression.
प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Tracking Epistemic Violence, Tracking Practices of Silencing (2011)
- A Cautionary Tale: On Limiting Epistemic Oppression (2012)
- How Is This Paper Philosophy? (2012)
- Conceptualizing Epistemic Oppression (2014)
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