作品 · 分析哲学
有效思维
一本鹈鹕丛书，源于BBC向她约请、而她因病未能讲授的一组系列讲座：书中分析政治演说和报纸中的论证——其中包括“罐装思维”（potted thinking），即未经思考、以压缩形式接受过来的信念——并坚信民主需要能够清晰思考的公民。
简介
“Thinking to Some Purpose” appeared in 1939 as a Pelican paperback for a mass readership; it grew out of a synopsis Stebbing had prepared for talks on BBC radio, and its subtitle called it “a manual of first-aid to clear thinking”. Writing in the years of appeasement and on the eve of war, Stebbing took her examples from the speeches of politicians, from newspapers and from everyday controversy, and showed how arguments go wrong – through emotionally loaded words, ambiguity, hasty generalisation and attacks on persons instead of claims. She coined the phrase “potted thinking” for convictions taken over in compressed, ready-made form without being thought through. Her aim was not to teach a technique for winning debates but to defend a condition of democracy: citizens must be able to judge for themselves what they are told. The book was reprinted many times; Max Black took an excerpt from it into his textbook “Critical Thinking” (1946).
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