导论（Isagoge）

简介

A short Greek treatise, probably written in Sicily after 268, that introduces five terms needed for Aristotle’s Categories: genus, species, difference, property and accident. Its opening sentences list three questions Porphyry chose not to answer – whether genera and species exist or are only in the mind, whether they are bodies or incorporeal, and whether they exist apart from sensible things or in them. Boethius translated the work into Latin and commented on it twice, and the medieval dispute over universals grew out of these questions. Translated into Syriac and into Arabic by Abu Uthman al-Dimashqi, it opened the study of logic in the Islamic world as well; the diagram of genera and species later called the “Porphyrian tree” was drawn by later commentators, not by Porphyry himself.

阅读全文

• Wikisource (法语)
• Wikisource (拉丁语)

免费全文，常为较早的版本或译本

联系

承接了

• 工具论约公元前350年年 · 亚里士多德

波菲利 的更多作品

• 约275年论戒杀动物